The potential cancer risk associated with electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette) use is ongoing and remains a subject of debate. E-Cigarettes work by heating a liquid that usually contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. When the liquid is heated, users inhale an aerosol into their lungs. While e-cigarettes are generally considered less harmful than traditional tobacco products, they still contain potentially harmful chemicals, which can damage DNA and lead to cancer. Several studies have investigated the potential cancer risk associated with e-cigarette use, while other studies have suggested that e-cigarette aerosol may contain carcinogenic chemicals that could increase the risk of lung and bladder cancer in humans. However, these studies are limited in their scope and do not provide conclusive evidence. Overall, the long-term cancer risk associated with e-cigarette use remains uncertain, more research is needed to fully understand the potential risks and benefits of e-cigarettes. However, this review will allow the investigator to get more recent updates about e-cigarettes.

Coumarins, naturally occurring benzopyrones, have garnered significant attention due to their diverse pharmacological activities and therapeutic potential. Derived from natural sources and synthetic routes such as the Perkin and Pechmann reactions, these compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. The structure-activity relationship of coumarins highlights the critical role of substitutions at specific positions on the benzopyrone ring, enhancing their efficacy and selectivity. Notable applications include anticancer activities, with coumarin derivatives inhibiting tumor growth and inducing apoptosis in breast cancer and melanoma cells, and neuroprotection, particularly in Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, through acetylcholinesterase inhibition and β- amyloid modulation. Additionally, coumarins show promise in combating drug-resistant pathogens and oxidative stress. Despite their potential, challenges such as toxicity and bioavailability remain. Future research should focus on optimizing coumarin scaffolds and advancing clinical evaluations to establish their role as next-generation therapeutic agents.

It is possible for tumors to develop resistance to currently used drugs. However, its increasing incidence necessitates further study and the development of novel therapies This review explores our current understanding of the factors that enable drug resistance, which include, inactivation of the drug, reduced drug uptake, increased drug efflux, metabolic effect, inhibition of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, modified membrane transport, and heterogeneity of inherent tumor cell. This manuscript will also explore some genetic and epigenetic alterations that may encourage drug resistance and fundamental mechanisms of the reluctance of drugs in leukemia, ovarian and breast cancer and it concludes with a few solutions for managing drug resistance.

The choices of treatment for Alzheimer's are based on NMDA-receptor antagonists and cholinesterase inhibitors, although their efficacy as a therapy is still up for debate. BPSD (Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia) have been treated using herbal medicine products, with varying degrees of success. This manuscript sets out to answer the question, "Can herbs be effective in the treatment of cognitive impairments in patients?" by examining evidences from controlled research. The process by which Alzheimer's disease develops remains a mystery, and the present Alzheimer's treatment strategy, which consists of administering a single medicine to treat a single target, appears to be clinically ineffective. AD treatment will require a combination of approaches that target many signs and causes of the disease. The results of currently available licensed therapies for AD are often disappointing, and alternative medicine, especially herbal therapy, may play a role. Over 80% of the world's population, particularly in developing nation, gets their main health care from herbal medicines. They have persisted through the years due to their low risk, high reward, widespread acceptance across cultures, and absence of detrimental side effects. In some cases, herbal remedies have proven to be more effective than conventional medical treatments. They are assumed to be natural unless proven otherwise by the presence of unnatural additives. The absence of adverse reactions is a major advantage of herbal treatment. In addition, they provide ongoing advantages to health. Salvia officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Melissa officinalis, Panax ginseng, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, Ashwagandha, Uncaria Tomentosa, Crocus Sativus and Allium Sativum are all studied for their potential effects on Alzheimer's disease.

: In recent years, substantial modelling breakthroughs have been achieved in artificial intelligence due to new algorithms, improved computer power, and expanded storage capacity. These factors have made it possible to process large amounts of data in a short amount of time. By using quantum computing in conjunction with deep learning models, it has been possible to explain the characteristics of ligands and their interactions with biological targets. This contributes to the process of ligand identification and ultimately results in the optimization of drug design. This review explains the extensive use of quantum deep learning in the development of drug design from traditional to quantum-powered deep learning neural networks that cover some domains like variational quantum Eigen solver, variational quantum circuits, quantum convolutional deep neural networks, QC-based deep neural networks for QSAR, as well as quantized generative models for the discovery of small drug molecules. Quantum computing can execute incredible computational work tenfold faster than current technology, transforming drug design, development, and post-marketing surveillance. This will reduce the time and resources needed to develop a medicine. Scientific research is moving toward quantum computing since it is anticipated that QC-based deep learning technologies can predict and mimic the characteristics, structures, and activities of molecules more efficiently than different ML techniques or conventional computers.