This study investigates the colloquial expression ʔinno that serves as a complementizer (C) and a discourse marker (DM) in Jordanian Arabic (JA). The data includes (422) instances of ʔinno collected from social media conversations of (60) JA speakers. The analysis shows that for ʔinno as a (C), there are (259) instances that are used to introduce subordinate clauses, and it is inflected with pronoun suffixes that specify person, gender, and number. It also serves various functions in verbal and nominal sentences. As a DM, Ɂinno are (163) instances that appear in the middle of sentences between two propositions. A list of contexts is developed featuring Ɂinno in JA. The pragmatic functions of Ɂinno are determined in each situation and validated by an Acceptability Judgment Task which is completed by 20 native speakers of JA. The pragmatic functions of ʔinno fall into six primary categories with sub-functions, such as explanatory functions (like giving reasons or expressing results), elaborative functions (including elaboration and giving examples and clarification), emotional and assessment functions (such as expressing surprise or criticism), emphatic and assertive functions (for emphasizing or warning), epistemic and uncertainty functions (covering hesitation and hedging), and a turn-taking function (specifically urging for continuity). This study concludes that Ɂinno is well established among social media users in the Jordanian context and the varied contexts play a vital role in exploring its pragmatic and syntactic functions.

This article examines Jordanians’ perceptions of gendered proverbs in today’s society. It tests whether there are any significant differences in their perceptions based on age, gender, educational level, and marital status. The study includes 40 Jordanian proverbs that were systematically selected based on their gendered implications. 267 Jordanians were requested to rate each proverb on a Likert scale, indicating their agreement or disagreement with the gender stereotypes portrayed. The analysis of Jordanian gendered proverbs reveals that proverbs supporting women received the highest agreement, while proverbs opposing women received the lowest. This suggests awareness of gender discrimination and a call for gender equality in Jordan. Factors such as gender, marital status, and education significantly influenced perceptions of proverbs in Jordan. However, age did not show significant differences. The article concludes that societal factors, cultural norms and personal experiences play a crucial role in shaping how Jordanians perceive and accept gendered proverbs in contemporary times, with a shift toward more gender-equal views emerging in Jordanian society.

This study investigates the pragmatic functions of headlight flashing (HF) as a gestural signal used and perceived by the drivers of public cars in Jordan. Data are collected from interviews with 60 male drivers of such cars who are asked to report why they use HF in different contexts and how they perceive it on the basis of their actual use and exposure to this signal. The analysis shows that HF has 11 functions viz., drawing attention, catcalling, warning, asking for help, offering a lift, urging (someone to move), instructing pedestrians or street users to go away, giving priority, greeting, thanking, and placing an order. The study reveals that HF is functional and used frequently by drivers for different purposes in the Jordanian context. The study concludes that HF is employed more for positive functions than negative ones.

This study investigates the effect of gender and age on phatic communication through Snapchat streaks among Jordanian Snapchat users. It tests whether Snapchat streaking behaviour differs across gender and age groups. It focuses on three areas, including streak maintenance patterns, visual content types preferred by users, and perception of emotional and relational aspects that users associate with streaking. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach that includes a survey of 100 participants, quantitative visual analysis of streak images, and semi‑structured interviews with 50 participants. The findings show that both Jordanian males and females actively use exchanges of Snap streaks for purposes of digital connection. However, Snapchat streaking reveals gender and age-based differences in both streaking patterns and the use of visual content type; for example, females are more likely than males to maintain longer Streaks, and younger users show a stronger tendency to actively engage in Snapchat streaks and to maintain them. These gendered preferences resonate with wider sociocultural norms and further demonstrate that the phaticity of Snapchat streaks functions as a simple yet symbolically rich ritual of digital connection.

This study examines whether gender is associated with both the frequency of codeswitching (CS) and the functions that switching performs in Maghreb Arabic (MA)–French–English trilingual peer talk. Gender-focused studies of CS have more often dealt with frequency, structure, attitudes, or identity than with the communicative work of switches in naturally occurring trilingual interaction. The analysis uses three recordings from a larger corpus: one mixed-gender group, one female-only group, and one male-only group. Together, they include eight speakers (four women and four men), 13,785 words, and 745 coded functional instances classified as pragmatic, semantic, linguistic, or sociocultural. The results show that the normalized CS rates are almost the same for women and men (53.14 and 54.93 functional instances per 1000 words). Speaker-level tests and an exploratory chi-square analysis also find no association between gender and the broad functional distribution, chi-square(3, N = 745) = 0.90, p = 0.825, Cramer’s V = 0.035. Sociocultural and pragmatic functions are the most common in both groups, whereas linguistic functions are rare. The study also reveals that no gender differentiation appears in this subset. Because the sample is small, and gender overlaps with recording context, the findings are descriptive and apply only to the recordings examined.