El presente artículo científico tiene como objetivo; identificar el nivel de satisfacción del servicio de agua potable en la Urbanización de Jorge Chávez de la Ciudad de Juliaca, dicha investigación se realizó en el año 2019. El servicio en esta urbanización es proveído por la Entidad Prestadora de Servicios de Saneamiento SEDA Juliaca S.A. La satisfacción de los usuarios depende de algunos criterios como: la presión, calidad de atención y de servicio que ésta brinde. El método que se ha empleado es el descriptivo simple, se aplicó la encuesta como técnica y el cuestionario como instrumento, el mismo que está validada por la Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento – SUNASS, instrumento aplicado, en diferentes años, a las entidades prestadoras de servicios de saneamiento que están a su cargo, publicado posteriormente como Informe anual Benchmarking regulatorio; el tamaño de muestra fue de 215 usuarios, para medir la satisfacción de los usuarios cada pregunta fue medida con la escala de frecuencia de Likert. La hipótesis planteada afirma que es probable que el nivel de satisfacción en el servicio de agua potable en la urbanización Jorge Chávez de la ciudad de Juliaca sea bajo. En cuanto a los resultados; se ha demostrado que el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios respecto a este servicio es ínfimo, esto debido a las pocas horas de cobertura, la presión es mínima y la atención no es oportuna al usuario. Se concluye con la ratificación de la hipótesis planteada además de demostrar que la cobertura del servicio de agua potable es de pocas horas lo que conlleva a la desconfianza. Los usuarios manifiestan que sus reclamos nunca fueron atendidos lo que ha generado desconfianza hacia la entidad prestadora de servicios de saneamiento en la ciudad de Juliaca. Finalmente, se ha determinado que el crecimiento poblacional hace que cada vez más usuarios queden insatisfechos con el servicio de agua potable. Las Empresas Prestadoras de Servicios rinden cuenta de su gestión a los organismos públicos, para ello utilizan indicadores de gestión exigidos desde diferentes instancias de gobierno, pero carecen de instrumentos para estimar la satisfacción de la población, que como se demuestra en el marco teórico, son necesarios para garantizar la sostenibilidad y gobernabilidad de las empresas. Palabras claves: Servicio Público, Agua Potable, Satisfacción, Cobertura, Presión, Usuario.

The aim of this study was to rigorously quantify and analyse the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, CO, H₂S, and O₃) emitted by artisanal brick kilns in Juliaca City, Peru. The AERMOD dispersion model and a network of low-cost sensors (LCSs) were employed to characterise air quality at specific receptor sites. A georeferenced inventory of kiln operations was created to determine their parameters and operational intensity, providing a foundation for estimating emission factors and rates. Data were obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and supplemented with locally gathered meteorological records, which were processed for integration into the AERMOD model. The findings revealed that brick kilns are a principal source of atmospheric pollution in the region, with carbon monoxide (CO) emissions being especially pronounced. The LCSs facilitated the identification of pollutant concentrations at various locations and enabled the quantification of the specific contribution of brick production to ambient aerosol levels. Comparative assessments determined that these sources account for approximately 85% of CO emissions within the study area, underscoring a significant adverse impact on air quality and public health. Background pollutant levels, emission rates, spatial distributions, and concentration patterns were analysed within the assessment zones, resulting in solid model performance. These results provide a sound scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of targeted environmental mitigation policies in urban areas and the outskirts of Juliaca.

Water scarcity in the Peruvian Altiplano demands irrigation strategies that optimise water use without compromising agricultural productivity. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation on the agronomic development, water balance, and yield of Chinese garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the community of Challapujo, Ilave, Puno, during the 2021–2022 growing season. Six plots were evaluated under two localised irrigation treatments: T-1 (drip) and T-2 (micro-sprinkler). The irrigation scheduling was based on a daily water balance, accounting for evapotranspiration, precipitation, effective root depth, and soil moisture thresholds. The soil exhibited analogous hydro-physical characteristics across treatments, with a bulk density of 1.28 g cm⁻³, a field capacity of 20.31%, and a permanent wilting point of 10.33% for T-1 and values of 1.31 g cm⁻³, 19.99%, and 10.16%, respectively, for T-2. The C-factor was calculated based the actual volume applied and the effectively wetted area, estimated at 80% for drip irrigation and close to 100% for micro-sprinklers. During the 190-day growing period, 84 effective irrigation events and a cumulative precipitation of 424.30 mm were recorded. Treatment T-1 required 1099.98 min of irrigation and applied 223.87 mm, whereas T-2 required 1280.75 min and 346.76 mm; this represented an absolute saving of 122.89 mm and a 35.5% reduction in favour of drip irrigation. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed regarding to plant height, pseudostem diameter, leaf length, pre-bulbing stage, number of leaves, or yield—with values of 14.70 t ha⁻¹ for T-1 and 14.83 t ha⁻¹ for T-2. In conclusion, both systems yielded equivalent agronomic results, but drip irrigation demonstrated superior water-use efficiency, making it a technically favourable alternative for high-Andean production systems with limited water availability.

Objective: The study objective is to investigate the application of georeferencing systems to identify the geospatial location of fixed sources of atmospheric emissions produced by artisanal brickyards in the air basin of Juliaca city-Peru. Theoretical Framework: Previous studies have shown that artisanal brickyards are a significant source of air pollution in developing urban and on the outskirts. Emissions of fine particles, nitrogen oxides and other pollutants from the burning of traditional fuels, such as firewood and coal contribute to the degradation of air quality and can have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The georeferencing application and geospatial analysis techniques in the atmospheric pollution study have allowed a better understanding of the spatial distribution of emission sources and their impact on the environment. These tools are essential to identify and map the artisanal brickyard locations and to evaluate their contribution to air pollution in urban and on the outskirts. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes data collection and compilation of existing information; georeferencing of brickyards through the use of geographic information systems (GIS); analysis of geospatial data for the identification of spatial patterns; preparation of thematic and spatial distribution maps; and the interpretation of results. Results and Discussion: The study results highlight the importance of locating the fixed sources of emissions produced by artisanal brick factories in the Juliaca air basin. This precise spatial identification provides a solid basis for the formulation of policies and mitigation strategies aimed at reducing air pollution in the region, in addition to representing fundamental data for the use and exploitation of GIS for environmental protection and modelling, among others. Research Implications: The results can be applied or influence practices in the environmental and forestry engineering field, the ICTs application, modelling and simulation, and territorial planning, among others. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature using georeferencing techniques for environmental modelling purposes. The relevance and value of this research are evident in obtaining georeferenced points for the estimation of emission factors for the predictive calculation of volumes, flows and dispersion of pollutants in an air basin.