The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the development of diseases is clear, but the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the microbiome aberrations in the guts of mice against the background of LPS, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect of probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum from the gut, a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria, and Weissella confusa isolated from milk using next-generation sequencing. LPS injections were found to induce inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa. These morphological changes were accompanied by a shift in the microbiota. We found no significant changes in the microbiome with probiotic supplementation compared to the LPS group. However, when Lactobacillus plantarum and a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria were used, the intestinal mucosa was restored. Weissella confusa did not contribute to the morphological changes of the intestinal wall or the microbiome. Changes in the microbiome were observed with probiotic supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum and a mix of commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria compared to the control group. In addition, when Lactobacillus plantarum was used, we observed a decrease in the enrichment of the homocysteine and cysteine interconversion pathways with an increase in the L-histidine degradation pathway.

Gut microbiota imbalances can lead to the development of various inflammatory diseases in the body. The development of drugs aimed at maintaining intestinal health is a key area of biotechnology. Algae-based prebiotics are one such drug. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the fecal microbiota of Mus musculus with and without a prebiotic supplement. We studied the effects of enzymatically processed Laminaria digitata and Fucus vesiculosus seaweeds on the gut microbiome of mice with induced inflammation using DNBSEQ-G50 sequencing. The results showed that these prebiotic supplements can reduce the impact of inflammation on the intestine. An increase in the relative abundance of Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans, Dysosmobacter welbionis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Flavonifractor plautii, and a decrease in Longicatena caecimuris relative to the LPS group were observed. Furthermore, enzymatically processed algae were found to increase the relative abundance of gut bacterial metabolic pathways responsible for glucose breakdown. Thus, both enzymatically processed and unprocessed algae-based prebiotic supplements restored gut microbiome composition and gut morphology in LPS-exposed mice, as confirmed by microbiome analysis and histological examination.

Introduction. The microbiome plays an important role in the normal functioning of the body, an imbalance in its composition leads to various diseases. Currently, many studies are being conducted on the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, which is a new generation probiotic that has a beneficial effect on the composition of the microbiome. However, the mechanism of the effect of the bacterium on inflammatory processes occurring in the body and induced by various drugs has not been fully studied. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of A. muciniphila on serum biochemical parameters, as well as behavioral and physiological characteristics of mice during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the study: physiological test "Open field", biochemical analysis of blood serum using the automatic analyzer "VitaLine 200", histological examination of the small intestine was carried out using hematoxylin and eosin staining, gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR combined with reverse transcription. Statistical processing was performed in the R environment (Version 4.1.1) and Statistica 12, using the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Bonferroni correction, one-way variance test (ANOVA) using the Tukey post-hoc test. Results. A. muciniphila inhibited the inflammatory process induced by LPS injections and, as a result, led to an increase in research activity. The restoration of the small intestine structure was observed. Also, against the background of the probiotic effect, normalization of the biochemical parameters of the blood serum was revealed. Conclusion. With the combined administration of LPS and A. muciniphila, antioxidant protection (GCLC) and intestinal barrier function (ZO-1) were enhanced, thus, the probiotic demonstrates therapeutic potential in the course of the inflammatory process.

Probiotics are strains of living bacteria and yeast that play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota and enhancing host immunity. In the last decade, the bacterial species Akkermansia muciniphila has attracted great interest due to its possible probiotic properties, which play an important role in human health. However, the mechanisms of action of A. muciniphila are still poorly understood. The effect of the A. muciniphila on the intestinal microbiome of model animals with systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unexplored. This study aims to investigate the impact of A. muciniphila on the microbiological composition of the mouse gut under LPS‐induced systemic inflammation using high‐throughput sequencing. The study used a new generation sequencing method aimed at genome‐wide sequencing of microorganisms, which makes it possible to study changes in the composition of the microbiome at the bacterial species level, as well as to identify the genes of the metabolic pathways of intestinal bacteria in the studied mice. Our analysis revealed statistically significant differences across all studied groups, with a notable predominance of members from the families Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Oscillospiraceae. Consumption of A. muciniphila increased the alpha diversity of gut bacteria (Shannon index) in the context of induced inflammation. Evaluation of the effect of LPS and A. muciniphila on metabolic pathways showed statistically significant differences for the pathways of synthesis and degradation of amino acids, transforming folic acid, and synthesis of sugars. Genetic analysis showed that the probiotic bacterium A. muciniphila reduced the degree of negative effects of LPS on the mouse gut microbiome under systemic inflammation.

Impaired fertility in cattle is the cause of economic losses in livestock farms. Complex treatment of cows with acute endometritis may include various approaches, including the use of antibiotics and interferon-based drugs. The therapeutic approach associated with the use of immunostimulating substances is the safest. The aim of the study was to evaluate the blood parameters of cows during the treatment of acute postpartum catarrhal endometritis using «Enrofloxacinferon-B» and «GentabiferonB». It was found that therapy with «Enrofloxacinferon-B», «Gentabiferon-B», and the traditional treatment regimen led to an increase in phagocytic activity, which was probably due to the activation of the immune system of animals. At the same time, during therapy with «Enrofloxacinferon-B», a decrease in catalase activity was observed, which may be due to a decrease in the level of active oxygen forms in the blood of animals during therapy with this drug. It was also noted that during the therapy with «Enrofloxacinferon-B» no changes in the level of the circulating immune complexes were observed, while with the traditional treatment regimen an increase in this indicator was observed. Therapy with «Enrofloxacinferon-B» did not lead to an increase in neutrophils. At the same time, both the traditional treatment regimen and therapy with «Gentabiferon-B» led to an increase in the proportion of neutrophils. It is noteworthy that there was no pronounced negative effect on blood parameters of all three endometritis treatment options. It can be assumed that the most optimal treatment regimen for acute postpartum catarrhal endometritis in cows may be therapy including «Enrofloxacinferon-B» at a dose of 20 ml at intervals of 24 hours for 5 days.

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis on behavioral responses and serum biochemical parameters in mice under conditions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. The experimental model using C57BL/6 mice demonstrated the probiotic's pronounced modulating effect on key behavioral aspects. The administration of B. subtilis significantly reduced the frequency of grooming acts, which is interpreted as a reduction in anxiety and a manifestation of an anxiolytic effect. Simultaneously, an increase in exploratory activity was observed, manifested by a rise in the number of hole pokes and vertical rearings in the Open Field test, indicating a potential positive impact on cognitive functions. In contrast, LPS-induced inflammation caused suppression of exploratory activity and a decrease in defecation, reflecting a negative impact on intestinal peristalsis and the general stress state of the animals. Biochemical analysis revealed a duality of B. subtilis effects: alongside behavioral improvement, a statistically significant increase in serum urea levels was recorded, which may be indirectly related to microbiome restructuring and metabolic shifts. Concurrently, a decrease in cholesterol concentration was detected in the LPS group, likely due to macrophage activation and disruption of its synthesis. The obtained data emphasize the complex nature of the interaction between the probiotic and host physiology, indicating the need for further study of the mechanisms of B. subtilis influence on the gut-brain axis and metabolism under inflammatory conditions to develop effective strategies for correcting LPS-induced disorders.