Oleochemicals, which are obtained from vegetable and animal fats and oils, have become indispensable in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. Traditionally, they are synthesized using chemical catalysts, a process that is often associated with high energy requirements and a considerable environmental impact. Biocatalysis, using enzymes such as lipases, has emerged as a transformative alternative that offers high specificity, environmental friendliness and cost-efficiency. This review comprehensively examines the current state of biocatalysis for oleochemical synthesis, highlighting key reactions such as esterification and transesterification and their integration into industrial processes. A bibliometric analysis uncovers global trends and collaborations, while case studies illustrate cost efficiency and scalability. The article outlines recommendations and future research directions to advance biocatalytic processes. This review is intended to be an important resource for researchers and industries transitioning to sustainable oleochemical production.

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) as a result of continuous use of antibiotics encourage the development of new antimycobacterial drugs. In this study, 13 flavonoid compounds from the flamboyant leaf plant were studied for their inhibitory properties of MtKasA, MtDprE, and MtPank which are significant enzymes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as for their molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and prediction of ADMET-drug likeness. The results of molecular docking studies revealed that compound F13 (Apigenin) was the most potent compound because it was able to bind the most amino acids as indicated by the native ligand of each enzyme. Molecular dynamics studies showed that compound F13 forms a stable complex with MtKasA. The results of the ADMET-Drug Likeness analysis concluded that compound F13 was the most promising compound. Overall, compound F13 has the potential to be used as a treatment therapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) is a crucial target for the development of antimalarial drugs, as it plays a significant role in inhibiting the growth of parasites by disrupting the production of pyrimidines in the bloodstream. Artocarpus champeden is known to contain prenylated flavonoids with potential antimalarial activity. This study aims to explore the chemical interactions of active compounds found in A. champeden through an in silico approach. Nine compounds were docked into PfDHODH (PDB ID: 6I55), and their stability was subsequently assessed using molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking results indicated that compounds C1, C5 and C6 emerged as the most promising candidates, exhibiting binding affinities of ?37.80, ?35.28 and ?34.44 kJ/mol, respectively. His185 and Arg265 were found to be key binding residues, interacting with these compounds in a manner similar to DZB, the control ligand. A 50-ns molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed the stability of these compounds throughout the simulation. Moreover, the examination of hydrogen bond occupancy demonstrated that compound C1 consistently engaged in hydrogen bonding interactions with His185 and Arg265 throughout the simulation.

This study aimed study to determine fatty acid composition of Canarium oil ( Canarium indicum L.) from Alor Island. Crude Canarium oil was extracted via the Soxhlet method using n-hexane as the solvent. The product was a yellow viscous liquid with a yield of 65.88% and an acid value of 3.13 mg KOH/g. Neutralization using a saturated sodium carbonate (Na ₂ CO ₃ ) solution produced a neutral Canarium oil characterized by a yellowish, viscous appearance and an acid value of less than 1 mg KOH/g. Fatty acid composition in the obtained neutral Canarium oil was determined as FAME using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The major components identified were methyl oleate (45.46%), methyl palmitate (30.57%), and methyl stearate (12.94%). These results indicate that Canarium oil from Alor Island contains high levels of oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids, as well as small amounts of other fatty acids. The type and composition of fatty acids in Canarium oil determine the development of its derivative products for various applications.