The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the most promising solutions for the supervision of multiple phenomena and for the digitisation of the Internet of Things (IoT). The Wake-up Receiver (WuRx) is one of the most trivial and effective solutions for energy-constrained networks. This technology allows energy-autonomous on-demand communication for continuous monitoring instead of the conventional radio. The routing process is one of the most energy and time-consuming processes in WSNs. It is, hence, crucial to conceive an energy-efficient routing process. In this paper, we propose a novel Wake-up Receiver-based routing protocol called Clustered WuRx based on Multicast wake-up (CWM), which ensures energy optimisation and time-efficiency at the same time for indoor scenarios. In our proposed approach, the network is divided into clusters. Each Fog Node maintains the routes from each node in its cluster to it. When a sink requires information from a given node, it’s corresponding Fog Node uses a multicast wake-up mechanism to wake up the intended node and all the intermediate nodes that will be used in the routing process simultaneously. Measurement results demonstrate that our proposed approach exhibits higher energy efficiency and has drastic performance improvements in the delivery delay compared with other routing protocols.

The rapid proliferation and miniaturization of the wireless and embedded devices has led to the invasion of the Internet of Things in many domains and has reached the healthcare sector to form what is called the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) . The growing number of the applications in the Internet of Healthcare Things as well as the overwhelming number of heterogeneous medical devices that should interact in this network has put the researchers and developers in front of lot of challenges: How to facilitate the implementation of the various healthcare applications? And how to ease the integration of new devices and make their interoperation a transparent task for the developers? To fulfill these requirements, lot of middleware have been proposed. In this paper we provide a complete study on the existing middleware for IoHT and specify their applications, we propose a taxonomy for them and we present their main advantages and drawbacks.