This study aimed to evaluate different L. corniculatus L. ecotypes under water-deficit conditions to identify changes in relative water content and photosynthetic pigments as indicators of physiological responses during different years’ seasons. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates. Ten treatments were performed as a factorial of 2 × 5, where the first variation factor was the soil water content—no water deficit (NDW) with 100% field capacity (FC), and water deficit (DW) corresponding to 85.4% of the FC—and the second variation factor comprised four ecotypes and one variety of L. corniculatus. A significant effect was identified on the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, mainly total chlorophyll, with chlorophyll a in the 255301 ecotype with records of 187.8, 167.5, and 194.6 mg g⁻¹ FW in WD, corresponding to an increase of 86.0%, 172.6%, and 16.6%, respectively, in relation the lower values obtained in the ecotype 202700 under NWD. In carotenoids, higher concentrations were observed in the 255301 and 202700 ecotypes and the Estanzuela Ganador variety under WD in most seasonal periods, except summer; a similar response was found in the 202700 ecotype and the Estanzuela Ganador variety during the winter season, also in WD. The results showed that the first two principal components accounted for 71.8% of the total variation, with PC1 representing chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, and PC2 representing carotenoids, temperature, relative chlorophyll index, and relative water content. The observations were grouped based on soil moisture content, with the optimal moisture group exhibiting higher chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations. The findings suggest that soil moisture content significantly affects the performance of L. corniculatus ecotypes, and the plant shows seasonal variations in response to water-deficit conditions. This research contributes to understanding the physiological responses of L. corniculatus and its potential as a water-efficient forage crop for promoting sustainable agriculture and enhancing food security.

This study aimed to evaluate the response to water deficit of different ecotypes and a variety of Lotus corniculatus on growth, productivity, and yield components, through seasonal times. A randomized block experimental design in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement with three replicates was used. The first variation factor was soil moisture contents: field capacity (FC) was 26.5% ± 1.5, and water deficit (WD) was 85% of FC (22.5% ± 1.5); the second variation factor was the ecotypes identified with the codes 255301, 255305, 202700 and 226792 and of the variety Estanzuela Ganador. The best responses in plant cover and weight of accumulated fresh biomass were obtained in the ecotype 202700 under WD, with values of 1649.0 cm² and 583.7 g plant⁻¹, and 1661.2 cm² and 740.1 g plant⁻¹ in ecotype 255305 under FC. The leaf clover was the main component of yield during the summer and autumn seasons. Ecotype 226792 was tolerant to low temperatures during the winter season with better leaf development. Ecotype 202700 is the best option for forage clover production when water is limited, and ecotype 255305 when water is not resource-limited, but these preliminary conclusions need to be confirmed in field studies.

RESUMEN El nanche es un frutal que produce gran parte del año y del que poco se conoce sobre su propagación asexual; por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de sustratos, enraizadores y tipo de estacas en la propagacion vegativa de nanche rojo, rosa y amarillo, recolectadas en Santa María Zoquitlán, Oaxaca, México. Se hipotetiza que el uso de reguladores del crecimiento incrementa el enraizamiento y sobrevivencia de estacas. La investigación se realizó en el Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo. El experimento 1 fue en primavera–verano, utilizando estacas de 16 cm, 384 apicales y sub–apicales sin hojas, de cada tipo de nanche. Se llenaron charolas de 5 L con turba, agrolita + turba y arena + fibra de coco (3:1 v/v). Las estacas se impregnaron 5 cm de la base con AIB a 3,000, 6,000 y 10,000 ppm, en presentación en polvo y se compararon con un testigo tratado sin AIB. El experimento 2 fue en otoño–invierno, utilizando 108 estacas sub-apicales con tres pares de hojas, de cada tipo de nanche. Como sustrato se usó arena + turba (3:1 v/v) y AIB a 3,000 y 6,000 ppm, un producto comercial Biozyme*TF®, en presentación líquida y un testigo. Las charolas plantadas se cubrieron con bolsas de plástico transparente. El diseño experimental fue en BCA. Se evaluó el porcentaje de sobrevivencia, de brotación y enraizamiento. Los valores se transformaron usando la función arcoseno, se realizó un ANOVA y separación de medias mediante pruebas de Tukey. Las estacas con hojas plantadas en otoño (experimento 2) presentaron mejor sobrevivencia y brotación. El AIB a 6,000 ppm mejoró la brotación de las estacas apicales y el enraizamiento en sub–apicales; el Biozyme*TF® no se recomienda para el enraizamiento. El nanche rojo obtuvo mejor enraizamiento que el rosa y amarillo.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a water limitation in different ecotypes and one variety of Lotus corniculatus L. on the production of secondary metabolites and their antioxidant activity in response to a water deficit (WD) through other seasonal times. A randomized block experimental design with three replicates was used. Two levels of soil water content and five genotypes were arranged in a factorial way (2 × 5) with ten treatments for replication. The 255301 ecotype showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) concentrations of total phenols, with a concentration of 86.6 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/gram of fresh weight (gFW); total flavonoids, with a concentration of 63.2 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE)/gFW); total tannins (71.7 mg GAE/gFW); and radical scavenging activity, with an average of 200 mg Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC)/gFW) in winter under a WD. The 255305 ecotype showed an increase in radical scavenging activity of 230 mg (TEAC)/gFW) and a total tannin concentration of 65.3 mg GAE/gFW in winter and spring, respectively, under a WD. The 255301 ecotype showed an increase in the concentration of total saponins (254.8 mg saponins/gFW) in summer under a WD. All these responses were triggered to mitigate a water deficit and extreme temperatures.

En México algunas regiones productoras de jitomate a campo abierto como el noroeste presentan problemas de salinidad. Este problema también se presenta en condiciones de invernadero cuando la nutrición y el manejo del riego se hacen de manera inapropiada, esto se agrava cuando se usan aguas pesadas para riego. La salinidad afecta al cultivo del jitomate, por lo que tener materiales tolerantes a esas condiciones sería de gran beneficio. México es rico en diversidad genética de esta especie, misma que puede ser utilizada para buscar fuentes de tolerancia a la salinidad. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron evaluar el comportamiento fisiológico de 34 poblaciones de jitomate nativas de Puebla y Veracruz y dos testigos comerciales bajo condiciones salinas usando cinco concentraciones de cloruro de sodio (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 y 1.0 %), con la finalidad de identificar germoplasma sobresaliente que tolere la salinidad en la etapa de germinación. El experimento se realizó en el Laboratorio de semillas del Colegio de Postgraduados en CienciasAgrícolas en 2013. Las variables evaluadas fueron: porcentaje de germinación, velocidad de germinación, materia seca aérea y materia seca de raíz. Los resultados indican que el vigor de las semillas fue afectado de manera negativa en 100% de las colectas, la germinación en 78% y el desarrollo de las estructuras morfológicas de plántula como raíz, hipócotilo y cotiledones, el efecto negativo fue de un 33 %. De los 36 genotipos probados, ocho colectas presentaron diferentes grados de tolerancia. Estas poblaciones pueden ser utilizadas como fuentes potenciales para el mejoramiento genético.

Coffea arabica L. produces a high-quality beverage, with pleasant aroma and flavor, but diseases, pests and abiotic stresses often affect its yield. Therefore, improving important agronomic traits of this commercial specie remains a target for most coffee improvement programs. With advances in genomic and sequencing technology, it is feasible to understand the coffee genome and the molecular inheritance underlying coffee traits, thereby helping improve the efficiency of breeding programs. Thanks to the rapid development of genomic resources and the publication of the C. canephora reference genome, third-generation markers based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gradually been identified and assayed in Coffea, particularly in C. arabica. However, high-throughput genotyping assays are still needed in order to rapidly characterize the coffee genetic diversity and to evaluate the introgression of different cultivars in a cost-effective way. The DArTseq™ platform, developed by Diversity Arrays Technology, is one of these approaches that has experienced an increasing interest worldwide since it is able to generate thousands of high quality SNPs in a timely and cost-effective manner. These validated SNP markers will be useful to molecular genetics and for innovative approaches in coffee breeding.