Background: The growing body of evidence linking dietary factors to oral and periodontal health is characterized by substantial heterogeneity in study design, dietary assessment methods, and reported outcomes, warranting a comprehensive narrative synthesis. Diet is a key determinant of oral and periodontal health, influencing inflammation, oxidative stress, salivary composition, and the oral microbiome. Objectives: This narrative review aims to synthesize current clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence on how dietary patterns and specific nutrients affect oral and periodontal health, focusing on inflammatory pathways, microbiome modulation, nutrient-dependent tissue mechanisms, and clinical outcomes. Methods: A structured narrative search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2000–2025). Studies examining diet, nutrients, the oral microbiome, caries, gingival inflammation, or periodontal disease were screened through a multistep process, resulting in 98 included articles. Results: High-sugar and ultra-processed diets trigger inflammation and oral dysbiosis, increasing caries and periodontal susceptibility. In contrast, nutrient-rich and anti-inflammatory diets improve immune regulation, support microbial balance, and are associated with better periodontal parameters. Conclusions: Dietary habits significantly shape oral and periodontal outcomes through interconnected metabolic, microbial, and immunological pathways. Integrating targeted nutritional counseling into dental care may strengthen prevention strategies and improve long-term oral health.

The aim of the study was to compare the marginal adaptation of three different resin-based materials used for direct restoration: hybrid composite resin (Gaenial Posterio, GC Corporation), a compomer (Dyract eXtra, Dentsply Sirona), and a giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu Dental) applied at room temperature or after preheated at preheating 50 and 60oC. Class II cavities were prepared on proximal surfaces of extracted teeth and randomly divided in 3 groups according to the material used for restoration. In each group five cavities were restored using the materials at room temperature (subgroup 1), five cavities were restored using preheated materials at 50şC (subgroup 2), and five cavities were restored using preheated materials at 60şC (subgroup 3). The teeth were stored in distilled water for 14 days and then were immersed in 2% methylene blue buffered dye solution (pH = 7) for 4 hours. The teeth were transversally cut and the sections were examined using optical microscope (Carl-Zeiss AXIO Imager A1m) at 50x magnification and the dye penetration was evaluated according to 4 scores. Decreased microleakage and fewer gap formation were recorded for all filling materials after they have been heated at 50 or 60oC. Pre-warming of resin-based materials improves the adaptation of these materials to tooth structures.

There are two main methods used for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment: dentinal tubule occlusion and blockage of nerve activity. Dentifrices are the most common vehicles for active ingredients used for DH treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion, mineral acquisition, and dentin hardness. Forty human dentin disks were submerged in 40% citric acid for 30 s and then exposed to tooth brushing for 2 min twice a day for 14 days using three toothpastes: Dontodent Sensitive (group 1), Dr. Wolff’s Biorepair (group 2), and Sensodyne Repair and Protect (group 3). In the control group (group 4), the samples were brushed with water. All of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Vickers dentin hardness determination. On SEM images, the degree of dentinal tubule occlusion was assessed using a five-grade scale. The mean score values in groups 1–4 were 3.60 ± 0.69, 2.20 ± 0.91, 2.30 ± 1.16, and 5.00 ± 0.00, significantly higher in study groups when compared to the control group (Kruskal Wallis test p < 0.05). EDX evaluation showed significantly higher calcium and phosphorus concentrations in groups 1 and 3 when compared to control group d. The mean values of Vickers dentin hardness numbers in groups 1–4 were 243.03 ± 10.014, 327.38 ± 56.65, 260.29 ± 37.69, and 225.83 ± 29.93, respectively. No statistically significant results were obtained when comparing the hardness mean values in groups (Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, p = 0.372 > 0.05). All three toothpastes tested demonstrated significant occlusion of dentinal tubules. Dontodent Sensitive and Sensodyne Repair and Protect toothpastes enhanced the calcium and phosphorus content of the dentin surface. None of the toothpastes increased dentin hardness as a result of mineral acquisition.

Aims of study. The aims of study were as follows: assessment of esthetic, functional and biological FDI indices of posterior composite restorations; assessment of decisions for non-intervention vs. repair/replacement of the posterior composite restorations. Materials and method. The retrospective study was performed on a study group of 69 patients (mean age: 25.31± 4,45 yrs; gender: 36 males, 33 females) that were treated for various dental pathologies in Odontology-Periodontology, Fixed Restorations of Clinical Learning Base of Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.M.F. Grigore T.Popa Iași (Romania) with a total number of 309 posterior composite restorations (class I and II Black) aged 3-5 yrs. The composite restorations were clinically evaluated using visual-tactile method. The evaluations were carried out during the recall session by an independent examiner, according to the FDI criteria (esthetic, functional, biological). The frequency of non-intervention versus repair/replacement decision was assessed globally and related to the parameters of the study group (gender, cariogenic risk, cavity design, arch/dental group location). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 29.0. Quantitative variables were characterized by descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations). Results. In the study group, 38,8% of all composite resin restorations required repair or replacement (FDI scores 4-5). The decisions of repair/replacement related to the assessed variables were as follows: 22,4% (Class I) vs 54,2% (Class II); 30,6% (males) vs 31% (females); 42,9% (high cariogenic risk) vs 20,4% (low cariogenic risk); 29,7% (Mx location) vs 31,5% (Md location); 41,4% (premolars) vs 49,5% (molars). Conclusions. 31% of posterior composite restorations aged 3-5 years require repair or replacement. Surface condition and margin discoloration are most frequent esthetic scores related to decisions of repair or replacement. Significantly higher percentages of Class II composite restorations (versus Class I) and molars restorations (versus premolars) were associated to requires repair or replacement. The most frequent biological score related to replacement decisions is the presence of secondary caries, mostly in Class II restorations.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of gastric acid associated with the effect of toothbrushing on the surface roughness of different types of composite resin used for direct restorations. Materials and Methods: The materials used in this study were two microhybrid (Filtek Z250, Herculite XRV) and two nanohybrid (Filtek Z550, Herculite XRV Ultra) composite resins. Two hundred and forty cylindrical samples with a height of 2 mm and a diameter of 6 mm were divided into four groups (groups A, B, C and D) corresponding to each tested material (n = 60). Each group was divided in two subgroups: subgroup I—the samples were submersed in hydrochloric acid and immediately submitted to toothbrushing; subgroup II—the samples were submitted only to toothbrushing. The simulation of the acid attack was performed by immersing the samples in a 0.01 M hydrochloric acid solution for 90 min. This procedure was followed immediately by toothbrushing simulation with 10,000 cycles. The acid attack and toothbrushing simulation were performed for two times. The surface roughness evaluation was performed with a Proscan 2100 profilometer. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to perform the statistical analysis. Results: Simulation of one year of toothbrushing associated or not to hydrochloric acid exposure increases the surface roughness of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins. Six months of toothbrushing associated to six months of hydrochloric acid exposure increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid composite resins. Conclusions: Microhybrid composite resins surface becomes rougher after toothbrush and acid submersion when comparing to nanohybrid composite resins.

Simona Stoleriu, Gianina Iovan, Galina Pancu1, Irina Nica, Andrei Georgescu, Nicoleta Tofan, Sorin Andrian, Dan Buhatel - Study Regarding the Capacity of Self-assembling Peptides to Remineralize the Acute and Chronic Incipient Caries Lesions