Floods are among Pakistan’s most common and devastating natural disasters, and they are becoming increasingly frequent and intense as a result of climate change, glacial melt, accelerated urbanisation, and weak governance. While coverage of climate change in 2025 has improved compared to 2010 and 2022 in terms of attention to climate change, it still silences local voices and long-term resilience narratives. However, much of the literature on disaster reporting in Pakistan has been descriptive, focusing on one-off events rather than situating them within wider framing theories, agenda-setting, and disaster journalism. This study employs qualitative document analysis (QDA) of a sample (n = 300) of media texts from five mainstream Pakistani media outlets (print and broadcast) published between June and August 2025. Drawing on framing theory and using a hybrid coding framework, this study examines causal attribution, impact reporting, actor representation, and narrative patterns. The results show ongoing sensationalism and political blame frames, low inclusion of community voices, and competing discourses of climate change versus nationalist explanations (especially cross-border water politics). This study contributes to global conversations about disaster communication by demonstrating the role of media in fragile governance settings to reveal and obscure the structural causes of vulnerability. Theoretically, it broadens framing and agenda-setting scholarship by showing the simultaneous functioning of dual causal narratives, scientific (climate-induced) and political (nationalistic). It also provides policy recommendations for more inclusive, accurate, and resilient disaster reporting.

Gender gaps in political participation are universal in democracies around the world. Women constitute half of the world’s population (49.6%). In South Asia, Pakistan has the largest gender gap and discrimination against women in all areas of life. This topic has largely been studied in relevance to youth generally, but studies on women political participation lack behind academically in underdeveloped countries. This article will be taking a conceptual approach to examine the relationship between political socialization and political participation with the role of Facebook usage among women in Pakistan. As Facebook is the most common social media platform used by women in Pakistan for various matters including political awareness. In this connection, this study will find out how Facebook usage is associated with political socialization and political participation of women in Pakistan. As it has been observed that in elections, women voter turnout is lower than men in Pakistan. This study will be quantitative in nature, questionnaire technique will be adopted to collect data. The population of the study will be women organizations in Karachi, Pakistan. The findings of the study will provide important implication to researchers, policymakers, political parties, and media to what extent women are politically socialized and how the political participation of women can be improved in future. World today is a global market and the most integral tool to spread information is media, therefore, design of the study will be to analyse the relationship between political socialization and participation with Facebook usage among women in Pakistan.

Being the fourth pillar of society, media has the responsibility to highlight all the existing issues of society. Women are an integral part of our society and their ratio is continuously increasing in our population. Despite having an equal population ratio, they are facing numerous difficulties in daily routine and those issues are not being highlighted seriously in our media. Due to this, the women in our society suffers a lot. This study aims to find out and compare the coverage by the media to the issues of the women by the National and Regional Newspapers in Sindh and the international perspective related to coverage of women issues. For data collection purpose, three leading newspapers have been selected and previous international researches have been studied to get a clear global perspective. The selected Newspapers includes two national newspapers i.e. Daily Dawn and Daily Jang and one newspaper of regional level that is Daily Kawish. The nature of study is quantitative. For analyzing and collecting data, content analysis and comparative methods have been selected. In this regard the time period of one year has been chosen to collect the data which is from July 2015-June 2016. The most significant finding of this study is that regional newspaper is leading over national newspapers in terms of coverage and space of selected women issues.