Floods are among Pakistan’s most common and devastating natural disasters, and they are becoming increasingly frequent and intense as a result of climate change, glacial melt, accelerated urbanisation, and weak governance. While coverage of climate change in 2025 has improved compared to 2010 and 2022 in terms of attention to climate change, it still silences local voices and long-term resilience narratives. However, much of the literature on disaster reporting in Pakistan has been descriptive, focusing on one-off events rather than situating them within wider framing theories, agenda-setting, and disaster journalism. This study employs qualitative document analysis (QDA) of a sample (n = 300) of media texts from five mainstream Pakistani media outlets (print and broadcast) published between June and August 2025. Drawing on framing theory and using a hybrid coding framework, this study examines causal attribution, impact reporting, actor representation, and narrative patterns. The results show ongoing sensationalism and political blame frames, low inclusion of community voices, and competing discourses of climate change versus nationalist explanations (especially cross-border water politics). This study contributes to global conversations about disaster communication by demonstrating the role of media in fragile governance settings to reveal and obscure the structural causes of vulnerability. Theoretically, it broadens framing and agenda-setting scholarship by showing the simultaneous functioning of dual causal narratives, scientific (climate-induced) and political (nationalistic). It also provides policy recommendations for more inclusive, accurate, and resilient disaster reporting.

Objectification of women has been a concerning issue over the past years worldwide. Objectification usually emerged from the commodification and depiction of women through television advertisements. However, the process that helped the advertisers to secure more patronage on the intended item over the depiction of women is attractive. Therefore, the objective of the paper is to analyse the commodification and depiction of women in Pakistani television advertisements. The reviewed literature concluded that the way women are commodified and objectified in advertisements is totally against Pakistan’s social system. Resultantly, such portrayal of women is a source of gender inequality, stereotyping, sexual, seductive, and provocative presentation of women that reinforces the objectification of women in society. In addition, the representation of women in a sexual manner in the advertisements destroys the value system of society in general. It is a widely accepted fact that the objectification of women is an ethical issue requiring further investigation to determine how women are portrayed in Pakistani advertisements.