In batch processing, not only the characteristics of different phases are different, but also there may be different characteristics between batches. These characteristics of different phases and batches will have different effects on the final product quality. In order to enhance the safety of batch processes, it is necessary to establish an appropriate monitoring system to monitor the production process based on quality-related information. In this work, based on multi-phase and multi-mode quality prediction, a new quality-analysis-based process-monitoring strategy is developed for batch processes. Firstly, the time-slice models are established to determine the critical-to-quality phases. Secondly, a multi-phase residual recursive model is established using each quality residual of the phase mean models. Subsequently, a new process-monitoring strategy based on quality analysis is proposed for a single mode. After that, multi-mode quality analysis is carried out to judge the relevance between the historical modes and the new mode. Further, online quality prediction is achieved applying the selected model based on multi-mode quality analysis, and an according process-monitoring strategy is developed. The simulation results show the availability of this method for multi-phase multi-mode batch processes.

Multi-party carpooling emerges as a burgeoning shared transportation scheme whereby the trip shared by each driver is shared among multi-party riders whose itineraries coincide. Confronting the information asymmetry and the voluntary self-interested nature of bilateral participants in matching and pricing operations, this study designs Multi-party cArpooling SupporTed stratEgy-pRoof (MASTER) double auction mechanisms considering personalized carpooling constraints. First, in a scheduled carpooling scenario, two [ ] mechanisms that masterfully blend the ideas of the famed trade reduction method and multi-stage approach are proposed which implement distinct group bid determination approaches for responding to different market conditions. Second, in an on-demand carpooling scenario, two parameterized [ ] mechanisms that integrate frustration-based promotion to proactively prioritize matching and deferentially compensate riders based on their waits are contrived which also endow the platform with operational flexibility to agilely pursue alterable operational objectives by adjusting promotion strength. We prove theoretically that the proposed mechanisms satisfy strategy proofness, budget balance, individual rationality, and asymptotic efficiency under mild conditions. Experimental results reveal that multi-party carpooling constitutes a multi-win solution under higher rider-driver ratios whilst it could be detrimental to drivers otherwise, which can be ameliorated by favoring the driver side in determining promotion strength. Simulation studies manifest that our proposed auction mechanisms could bring benefits concerning allocation efficiency and service responsiveness compared with their academic and practical counterparts. We also shed light on choosing among alternative mechanisms according to market conditions and operational orientations.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is considered in a fourth-party logistics service supply chain, consisting of a Fourth Party Logistics supplier (4PL) and a Third Party Logistics provider (3PL). In this research, a transportation price contract is designed to effectively improve the CSR performance, which is mainly determined by the 3PL's output of carbon dioxide ( $CO_{2}$ ) emission. The associated cost for improving CSR performance level of the fourth-party logistics service supply chain is measured by a variable, which is only bring by the 3PL with an expectation of being shared with the 4PL via the transportation price contract. As such, the key issue is how the 4PL can identify the contract parameters to effectively transfer the associated cost of the 3PL in the 4PL service supply chain dominated by 4PL, and to encourage the 3PL to improve the performance level of CSR. A game-theoretical analysis is carried out on two games, bringing about different interaction plans between the 4PL and the 3PL, to derive their corresponding equilibria. Through the numerical analysis on the equilibria, we find that the 4PL service supply chain can achieve a win-win situation for both parties when the parameter values can be properly identified by the 4PL in designing the transportation price contract. Moreover, a well-designed contract can effectively motivate the 3PL to improve the performance level of CSR.

Carpooling is an effective way to achieve lower transportation cost, higher vehicle utilization and alleviate air pollution and traffic congestion by allowing the joint coverage of overlapped distance. It has been extensively studied for passenger transportation while attracts little academic attention for freight transportation. In this paper we investigate intra-city freight transportation service transaction problem (IFTSP) with carpooling mode and propose truthful carpooling double auction (TCDA) mechanism for solving it. We prove theoretically that TCDA mechanism is incentive compatible (IC), budget balanced (BB), individual rational (IR) and asymptotically efficient (AsE). Numerical experiments show that TCDA can significantly improve the social welfare and vehicle utilization compared with conventional McAfee mechanism. It can also greatly enhance customers' utility and balance the market power in sellers' market.