The paper presents the expertise of authenticating a painting by Nicolae Grigorescu through the involvement of multi-analytical techniques, in order to identify and evaluate some archaeometric and chemometric characteristics of the pictorial materials and of the support, used in determining the age. The painting is made with oil colors on pressed cardboard, with preparation based on chalk powder and animal glue. The painting presents two elements as being counterfeit, which have attracted suspicions, namely the signature of the author (presenting a semi-transparent covering veil), and, on the back, a writing of dating, performed by a very controversial art historian. The investigation was carried out by direct analysis with magnification devices, in reflected UV (ultraviolet), VIS (visible), and NIR (near- infrared) light, and by OM, SEM-EDX, and μ-FTIR. The results showed that the painting is authentic and belongs to Nicolae Grigorescu, and the dating established previously by Amelia Pavel through the writing on the back is certain.

Ion Sandu, Cosmin Tudor Iurcovschi, Ioan Gabriel Sandu, Viorica Vasilache, Ioan Cristinel Negru, Mihai Brebu, Petronela Spiridon Ursu, Vasile Pelin - Multianalytical Study for Establishing the Historical Contexts of the Church of the Holy Archangels from Cicau, Alba County, Romania, for its Promotion as a World Heritage Good I. Assessing the preservation-restoration works from the 18th century

The paper presents the authentication of a Stradivari 1737 type violin, which belonged to the Romanian scientist Ştefan Odobleja. The analytical methods used in the study for assessing archaeometric characteristics of some component materials, along with the white degree and glycolysis rate measurements of the label that allowed an extensive evaluation of the violin, were OM, SEM–EDX, and micro-FTIR. The preparation binder (egg white from thin gypsum layers) and the varnish (identification of linseed oil and colophony components, alongside contamination impurities) were assessed in order to evaluate the artefact conservation state, as well as the restoration and counterfeiting interventions. We can conclude that the violin was done by a violin maker from the Stradivari family, and it is a replica of the violins of that period.

The paperwork presents the results of the examination of the paper support from travel documents, by analysing the composition of the biodata page, which where differently falsified. For this purpose, the computer analyzed the composition of the tab, which is usually through various kinds counterfeit. By taking very small fragments of these pages, we can get useful information about the methods and techniques used by counterfeiters. The comparative analysis highlights the forgeries and certain connections with the original document. Therefore, there were obtained some data on their scientific investigation and highlighted the method used by forgeries.

High printing quality of banknotes and the variety of security features implemented in banknotes make a big difference between the genuine notes and high-quality forgeries. The counterfeiter cannot reproduce or imitate the printing quality and all security features embedded in every banknote, such as Optically Variable Ink, Optically Variable Diffractive Images, or intaglio printing. The present research focused on the examination of optically variable devices embedded on 50Îbanknotes. The altered banknotes were examined using different techniques.

The paper presents the results obtained in the study of new archaeometric and chemometric characteristics for old linden wood (Tillia cordata Mill.) and poplar wood (Populus robusta), put into work. Therefore, based on elemental chemical composition data, humidity, pH, ash and those related to wood extraction components, which are characteristics with low arteriometric potential, the chemometric characteristics with an archeometric value were evaluated. Samples used in this study, both linden and poplar wood, the following near-linear ratios were observed in the next reports: C/O, (C+H)/O, (C+H)/Norganic, pH/Humidity, Nmineral/Ash, extract in NaOH/extract in hot water and extract in ethyl alcohol/extract in ether, which can be used in establishing an archaeometric reference.