The production of fermented sausages from poultry meat using traditional technologies and natural maturation conditions is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to identify indigenous microbiota with antilisterial activity from an innovative, additive-free, traditionally fermented chicken sausage. Isolates (n = 88) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were collected during maturation and subjected to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification. The capacity to combat Listeria was screened against five strains using the agar well diffusion method in 63 selected LAB isolates. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified four different LAB genera, namely Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus, the proportions of which differed significantly during the production phases (p < 0.001). Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent LAB species in the initial sausage dough. The presence of lactococci (Lactococcus lactis) and enterococci was detected during the 14- and 30-day ripening period and was gradually displaced by leuconostocs and lactobacilli. Lactobacilli appeared to be abundant during the central and late maturation phases, and consisted of only two species—Latilactobacillus sakei and Latilactobacillus curvatus. In total, 38 LAB isolates (60%) showed antilisterial activity toward at least one Listeria indicator strain. The proportions of antilisterial LAB differed significantly during sausage maturation. Inhibitory activity against all indicator Listeria was detected in the neutralized cell-free supernatants of five strains of Enterococcus faecalis, two L. sakei strains and one Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain. The antilisterial activity observed in the indigenous LAB revealed the possible role of L. sakei as a bioprotective culture, as well as the role of Ln. mesenteroides and E. faecalis as bacteriocin producers, for practical applications.

Vaccination against lumpy skin disease was carried out in Croatia during 2016 and 2017 to prevent this emerging viral disease from causing significant damage to the cattle population. Two unauthorised live vaccines were used for immunoprophylaxis, and adverse reactions in cattle were expected. Adverse events were monitored and 14 selected reported cases of deaths were analysed using the available necropsy results. The cases analysed were classified as probable, possible, inconclusive, or unlikely to be caused by vaccination, primarily based on results of post-mortem examination, taking into consideration factors that contributed to or resulted in death or euthanasia. Most cases were classified as possibly caused by vaccination due to subcutaneous oedema of varying consistency (at the injection site) and intramuscular haemorrhage, in some cases leading to purulent and necrotic processes. These processes eventually led to fatal purulent bronchopneumonia, pulmonary emphysema, septic conditions, or euthanasia. In the remaining cases, necropsy results were unable to be linked to vaccination or the findings were inconclusive due to the presence of other factors, such as Klebsiella infection. It can be assumed that neither vaccine had a direct connection with animal deaths, but they may have contributed to the fatal outcomes due to the complications of severe local reactions and general impact on the immune system.