A high bioavailability formulation for oleanolic acid (OA) suggests its potential therapeutic application in humans.

In the context of the alarming rise of infant obesity and its health implications, the present research aims to uncover disruptions in postprandial lipid metabolism and the composition of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in obese adolescents. A double-blind, controlled clinical trial in the postprandial phase on 23 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years was carried out. Twelve participants were categorized as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m² and percentile > 95) and 11 as normal-weight (BMI = 20–25 kg/m², percentile 5–85). Blood samples were collected after a 12-h overnight fast and postprandially after consumption of a standardized breakfast containing olive oil, tomato, bread, orange juice, and skimmed milk. Obese adolescents exhibited elevated triglyceride concentrations in both fasting and postprandial states and higher TG/apo-B48 ratios, indicating larger postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particle size, which suggests impaired clearance. Obese subjects also exhibited higher n-6 PUFA concentrations, potentially linked to increased TRL hydrolysis and the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines. In contrast, TRL from normal-weight individuals showed higher concentrations of oleic acid and DHA (n-3 PUFA), with possible anti-inflammatory effects. The results indicate an interplay involving postprandial TRL metabolism and adipokines within the context of adolescent obesity, pointing to potential cardiovascular implications in the future.

Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that currently has no curative treatment. These hypotheses include the abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated Tau, degeneration of cholinergic neurons associated with chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and dysregulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely distributed across plant species, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, anti-aggregation properties, together with regulatory effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Given the diversity of hypotheses proposed for AD and its multifactorial nature, the pleiotropic actions of OA positions it as a promising candidate for preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review compiles evidence on OA and selected synthetic derivatives, analyzing their impact across the major mechanistic hypotheses of AD pathogenesis. Collectively, these findings support OA as a promising candidate to address protein aggregation, metabolic imbalance, and neuroinflammation in AD.

Background and objectives: Since postprandial lipid metabolism has emerged as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the quality of dietary fat may have a crucial role in atherogenesis and metabolic inflammation. In this study, we propose that the quality of dietary fats and the metabolic status of individuals modulate postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) composition and the response of macrophages to TRL. Methods: Randomized controlled crossover trial in the postprandial phase in 12 normal-weight adults and 12 adults with obesity. Each participant consumed both a Western-style (WB) and a Mediterranean-style (MB) breakfast in separate sessions, containing butter or olive oil as the fat source, respectively. Blood samples were collected at baseline (0 h), 2 h, and 4 h postprandially, and TRL were isolated and used to treat THP-1 macrophages. Results: The intake of the WB led to higher concentrations of inflammatory-related markers, particularly in individuals with obesity, and resulted in a higher content of saturated fatty acids and lower of monounsaturated fatty acids in TRL compared to the MB. Staining TRL-treated macrophages with Oil Red O revealed substantial lipid accumulation, which was more pronounced in cells cultured with 4 h TRL from individuals with obesity. This was also evidenced by upregulation of gene expression of lipoprotein uptake receptors following the consumption of the WB. Conclusions: Consumption of a WB led to a more pro-inflammatory postprandial profile and promoted greater lipid accumulation in macrophages, particularly in individuals with obesity, compared to a MB. These findings highlight the importance of fat quality in meals for cardiovascular risk management, especially in populations with obesity.