Xinjiang is a major wine-making region in China, but its hot climate in summer and intense sun exposure negatively affect the aroma quality of Cabernet Sauvignon wine. The aim of this study was to characterize and differentiate the volatile composition of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from two clones (169 and 191) in Xinjiang, and to study their aromatic profile evolution during 12-month oak barrel aging period. Results showed that before aging, clone 169 wine contained higher concentrations of several alcohols and ethyl esters, while acetate esters and furanic compounds were higher in clone 191 wine. After aging, levels of many terpenes, norisoprenoids, volatile phenols and phenolic aldehydes were significantly higher in clone 169 wine than 191 wine. Aroma series analysis revealed that clone 169 wine exhibited higher floral and roasty aromas after aging, while clone 191 wine had stronger chemical aroma. Principal component analysis indicated that aging process played a primary role in the alteration of volatile profile in these wines. Clone played a secondary role and oak barrel had a tertiary contribution to the variation. The present work indicates that clone 169 is a better choice for producing high-quality aged Cabernet Sauvignon wine with intense and elegant aroma in Xinjiang.

Bottle aging is the final stage before wines are drunk, and is considered as a maturation time when many chemical changes occur. To get a better understanding of the evolution of wines’ flavor profile, the flavor compounds (phenolic and volatile compounds), dissolved oxygen (DO), and flavor characters (OAVs and chromatic parameters) of rosé and dry white wines bottled with different closures were determined after 18 months’ bottle aging. The results showed the main phenolic change trends of rosé wines were decreasing while the trends of white wines were increasing, which could be the reason for their unique DO changing behaviors. Volatile compounds could be clustered into fluctuating, increasing, and decreasing groups using k-means algorithm. Most volatile compounds, especially some long-chain aliphatic acid esters (octanoates and decanoates), exhibited a lower decrease rate in rosé wines sealed with natural corks and white wines with screw caps. After 18 months of bottle aging, wines treated with natural corks and their alternatives could be distinguished into two groups based on flavor compounds via PLS-DA. As for flavor characters, the total intensity of aroma declined obviously compared with their initial counterparts. Rosé wines exhibit visual difference in color, whereas such a phenomenon was not observed in white wines.

As one of a dozen monotypic genera in the family Lauraceae, the systematic position of Dodecadenia Nees remains controversial. Here, two complete plastomes of Dodecadenia grandiflora Nees were sequenced. The two plastid genomes, with the length of 152,659 bp and 152,773 bp, had similar quadripartite structure. Both consisted of one large single-copy (LSC) region with 93,740 bp and 93,791 bp, one small single-copy region (SSC) with 18,805 bp and 18,846 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions with 20,057 bp and 20,068 bp. A total of 128 genes were annotated for the D. grandiflora plastid genomes (plastomes), which included 84 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 36 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. Codon usage analysis of the D. grandiflora plastomes showed a bias toward A/U at the third codon. A total of 122 RNA editing events were predicted, and all codon conversions were cytosine to thymine. There were 30/36 oligonucleotide repeats and 89/94 simple sequence repeats in these two plastomes of D. grandiflora. Based on 71 plastomes, both Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses showed that D. grandiflora are nested among the species of Litsea Lam. together with Litsea auriculata Chien et Cheng and suggested that the monotypic genus Dodecadenia Nees should be revised. In addition, the highly variable loci trnG intron and ycf3-trnS could be used as excellent candidate markers for population genetic and phylogenetic analyses of D. grandiflora.