Methamphetamine (METH) misuse-induced affective and cognitive dysfunctions cause severe global health and economic burdens. However, the mechanisms underlying METH withdrawal-induced negative emotions and cognitive deficits, as well as the treatment strategies for them, remain elusive. Previous findings suggest that METH use triggers neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and protein kinase B (AKT), forkhead box protein 1 (FOXO1), and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are implicated in these processes. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the role and potential mechanisms of luteolin, a flavonoid phytochemical with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, in METH withdrawal-induced negative emotions and cognitive deficits. We found that prolonged METH withdrawal led to an increase in neuronal activity and a decrease in the protein expression of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and HO-1 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and caudate putamen (CPu). Luteolin pretreatment partially mitigated these METH withdrawal-induced negative emotions and cognitive deficits, and prevented the abnormal activation of PFC and CPu as well as the downregulation of AKT/HO-1 expression. Notably, we further observed that luteolin inhibited the METH-induced nuclear translocation of FOXO1. Our findings suggest that luteolin may alleviate METH withdrawal-induced affective and cognitive dysfunctions by reducing oxidative injury in the brain through the AKT/FOXO1/HO-1 pathway, highlighting its potential for treating drug addiction-related health issues.

Main steam temperature system has the characteristics of nonlinear, large inertia and time delay. Thus, traditional PID cascade control usually could not provide satisfied performance. As a most widely used model predictive control (MPC) algorithm, dynamic matrix control (DMC) is especially suitable for large inertia controlled object. However, DMC is vulnerable to be influenced by uncontrollable disturbances. In this paper, a new DMC control strategy based on the combination of cascade structure and feedforward compensation is proposed in main steam temperature control system. The disturbances of the load and the spray attemperator inlet temperature can be compensated by feedforward model. And the cascade structure can suppress the disturbances of spray attemperator water. Simulation results show that the novel feedforward DMC-PID cascade control strategy has remarkable dynamic performance and strong disturbance rejection ability.