The accelerating adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is driving the demand for next-generation wide-bandgap (WBG) power devices that can deliver high efficiency, high power density, and robust operation under stringent electrical and thermal stress. Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) have emerged as a leading WBG technology due to their high breakdown voltage, ultrafast switching capability, and low conduction and switching losses relative to silicon devices, enabling high-performance EV power converters such as on-board chargers, DC-DC converters, and traction inverters. This review provides a comprehensive device-level assessment of GaN HEMTs, emphasizing advanced device architectures, state-of-the-art discrete transistors, and their implications for high-frequency, high-efficiency power conversion. Critical performance and reliability challenges, including current collapse, self-heating, and gate degradation, are analyzed in the context of their physical mechanisms and operational behavior under realistic conditions such as elevated junction temperatures, high switching frequencies, and dynamic load profiles. Furthermore, emerging opportunities in ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor technologies beyond GaN are discussed, providing insights to guide the design, optimization, and robust integration of WBG devices into next-generation EV power electronic systems.

Power consumption and speed are the main criteria in designing comparator for analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This paper presents an optimized low voltage low power dynamic comparator which is robust to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations with adequate speed. The comparator circuit was designed using 0.18µm CMOS technology with low voltage supply of 0.8V. The method used to verify the robustness of the comparator circuit across 45 PVT is presented. The circuit is simulated with 10% voltage supply variation, five process corners and temperature variation from 0°C to 100°C. The simulation result show that the proposed comparator circuit achieved significant reduction of power consumption and delay during worst case condition compared to dynamic comparator proposed from previous researchers.

The mushroom farming industry is on the rise and there is a growing demand for high-quality, sustainable production methods. However, mushroom cultivation can be challenging for growers, as it requires careful environmental control and can be labour-intensive. This paper presents the results and analysis of a mushroom classification system, designed to accurately classify two types of mushrooms: Shiitake and oyster mushrooms. The system utilizes advanced machine learning algorithms and an extensive dataset to achieve accurate classification results. Technology replaces human inspection with computer vision, providing farmers with a quick and precise tool for classifying various mushroom species. The augmented and labelled mushroom dataset is divided into three distinct subsets: validation, testing and training. In this study, 80% of the data is allocated for training, while 20% is reserved for testing. The outcomes have proven the efficacy of You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) model, with an astounding accuracy of over 90%. This study suggests that the YOLOv8 model has the potential to be an accurate method for distinguishing different varieties of mushrooms. Farmers can significantly reduce the time and effort they previously expended on manual inspections by utilizing this approach.

Capacitorless low dropout (CLDO) voltage regulators are becoming a key power management sub-block in contemporary electronic circuits. However, a high quiescent current in a CLDO regulator drains more power from the system and rapidly reduces the battery charge. Therefore, this study aims to identify the effect of different error amplifier topologies on the quiescent current of a low-power 110 nm CLDO regulator by simulating two CLDO regulators which utilize telescopic and two-stage error amplifier architectures operating at a nominal input voltage of 1.2 V and regulating an output voltage of 1.0 V with maximum load up to 50 mA. The obtained results show that both CLDO regulators are able to achieve single-digit micro-range quiescent current with the telescopic-base CLDO having better quiescent current of 4.81 µA compared to the two-stage-base CLDO quiescent current of 5.18 µA. However, the two-stage-base CLDO regulator demonstrates better overall performance in terms of better accuracy, stability and noise rejection although has a slightly higher quiescent current.

The performance of a Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC is critically influenced by the precision of its comparator, which is responsible for resolving the least significant bit (LSB) within stringent timing constraints. With continued scaling in nano-scale technologies, supply voltages are increasingly reduced to enhance dynamic energy efficiency. However, this reduction in voltage headroom poses significant design challenges for dynamic comparators, often driving transistors into the subthreshold regime and compromising accuracy. This work presents the design of an ultra-low power, high-precision dynamic comparator tailored to reliably resolve a 0.8 mV differential input under a 0.8 V supply. Targeting integration into a $200 \text{kS} / \mathrm{s}$, 10-bit differential SAR ADC, the design is implemented using Silterra 180 nm CMOS technology, characterized by a threshold voltage (VTH) of approximately 0.4 V. The comparator architecture is optimized through careful transistor sizing to minimize bias currents and to operate with gate-source voltages (VGS) close to VTH value. Simulation results confirm that the comparator achieves accurate resolution of 0.8 mV input differences with an average power consumption of 47 nW and a Figure of Merit (FoM) of 23.7 fJ/conversion.

The IEEE Circuits and Systems Society (CASS) Malaysia Chapter had a highly successful 2024 where it earns the prestigious IEEE CASS Global Chapter of the Year Award 2025. Throughout the year, the chapter organized 31 diverse programs including professional talks, workshops, educational initiatives, and networking events. These events serve wide range of members from students to industry professionals. Key highlights included the 75th IEEE CASS Day Celebration featuring distinguished global speakers, the IEEE CASS Industry Forum focused on 5G technologies, and international collaboration through the SINO-Malaysia IEEE CASS Outreach Workshop. The chapter emphasized bridging academia and industry, talent development, and STEM education, particularly encouraging young girls through the Girl’s Tech Connect program. Educational workshops covered MEMS, AI-integrated circuits, and CMOS IC design, while the Integrated Design Project Exhibition showcased innovative student projects. Supported by five IEEE CASS HQ grants, the chapter significantly enhanced its presence and impact across Malaysia. Looking ahead, the IEEE CASS Malaysia Chapter remains committed to advancing technology, fostering collaboration, and nurturing the circuits and systems community locally and globally.