Smoking is a major single cause of preventable morbidity and premature mortality. Tobacco use among adolescents is a significant public health problem as smoking behaviour is undeniably established in adolescence. While cigarette smoking among adolescents has been a significant public health problem for years, waterpipe smoking is considered to be a new global public health threat. The objectives of this study were to describe trends of cigarette smoking and the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and to study the association between cigarette and waterpipe smoking among adolescents in Estonia.

Alcohol consumption has been regarded as an important contributor to the high premature mortality rates. The objective of this paper was to provide an overview and comparison of alcohol consumption and its socio-demographic determinants among adults in Estonia and Finland.

Introduction and Aims: Alcohol consumption has become a global health threat and there is need for an evidence‐based global alcohol policy. This study aimed to describe alcohol consumption in parallel with alcohol policy in 2000–2017 in Estonia in the context of Baltic and Nordic countries.Design and Methods: A review of routine statistics concerning alcohol consumption and the pertinent legislation in Estonia was performed. The measures used to assess the effects of alcohol policy were adult (15 and older) pure alcohol per capita consumption (APC) in litres, alcohol outlet densities and opening hours, taxes and the price of alcoholic beverages.Results: Adult domestic APC in Estonia increased from 9.3 to 14.8 in 2000–2007 and thereafter decreased to 10.2 in 2016 (10.3 in 2017). Adult APC in Estonia was lower than that in Latvia and Lithuania but higher than that in Nordic countries. Since 2010, beer has been the most prevalent alcoholic beverage in Estonia. The density and opening hours of alcohol retail shops were much higher in Estonia and other Baltic countries than in Nordic countries. The alcohol retail price increased twice from 2006 to 2017 in Estonia, resulting in a double price difference with Latvia.Discussion and Conclusions: Evidence‐based comprehensive alcohol policy should continue in Estonia. Based on the example of Nordic countries, more attention should be paid to the physical availability of alcohol in Estonia. In terms of economic availability, it is important to focus on the cross‐border alcohol trade to achieve improvements in public health.