Fruits is a scientific journal for original articles and reviews on fruit crops in temperate, Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical regions

The effect of ultrasonic pretreatment and sample preparation on the extraction yield of antioxidant compounds and activity of black currant fruits

Probiotic dairy products are part of functional foods, which are made from fermented milk selected from a culture or a concentrate of bacteria that improve the microbial balance in the gut. These products have positive and beneficial influence on health and integrity of the human body. In the present study regarding the fortification with oil and pulp of sea buckthorn, was to obtained product similar to the conventional yoghurt, consistency and texture aimed at reducing heat treatments and stages technology in order to preserve nutritional quality. This research focused on optimizing the technology for obtaining yoghurt and selecting the best options regarding the addition of sea buckthorn pulp or oil, based on the following parameters : acidity, pH and lactic acid. At the same time we aimed to obtain probiotic yoghurt ,to make comparative studies on major parameters and to select the optimal probiotic yoghurt with sea bucktorn that give a good stabilization.

Among all mycotoxins, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is considered to be the most carcinogenic, and it has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Group 1 of human carcinogen. It signifies a high hazard because it contaminates a diversity of agricultural products such as nuts and derivatives, peanuts/hazelnuts, grains, seeds, cottonseed, milk, dairy food. In milk AFB1 is metabolized to aflatoxin M (AFM1) which is 4-hydroxy derivative of AFB1, it is formed in the liver and excreted in the milk into the mammary glands of both human and lactating animals which have been fed with AFB1 contaminated diet. After the food contamination, one part of the aflatoxin B1 which was present in the food is eliminated through the milk. At the molecular level aflatoxin biosynthesis involves several levels of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control, so the main stages subsequent biochemical and genetic constituents of aflatoxin biosynthesis have been demonstrated recently. Recent studies over the last few decades have shown that the metabolism of AFB is an essential component of hepatocarcinogenic, however it was shown that AFB1 is metabolized by cytochrome P450 oxidised to intermediates and other metabolites Therefore, the biotransformation process may also lead to the formation of carcinogenic metabolites.