Student mobility and internationalization of universities have become an important issue for empowering young people and cultural exchange, in line with the quest for implementing a sustainable education. The young generation of Mongolia has a strong desire to study in foreign universities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the opinions of Mongolian learners on studying abroad as displaying the characteristics of sustainable education. According to our quantitative research, a large percentage of university students are very interested in participating in the ERASMUS mobility program of the European Union. However, there are certain challenges to getting into the program, especially for scholars studying in isolated areas who have limited opportunities to obtain scholarship information. As for the graduates from Mongolia who have already participated in the program, their satisfaction with the program is high. The research found that quality education was the most appraised benefit, while the language barrier posed the main challenge during studying abroad, followed by adaptation to the teaching methods of the host university. Findings show that mobile students developed their academic knowledge and enjoyed experiencing new places and cultures. They also acknowledged improving their professional skills for their future careers and adopting a more sustainable lifestyle.

While livestock presence in national parks is often recognized, its environmental impact is usually treated as a separate issue, and it is commonly assumed that livestock numbers decline as tourism develops. However, this study examines the case of Mongolia, where livestock numbers have actually increased alongside tourism growth, leading to negative environmental consequences. This study introduces and explores the phenomenon termed “tourism-induced livestock concentration”, referring to the rise in livestock numbers driven by unsustainable tourism development and the subsequent settlement of herders in the protected areas. This study is the first in Mongolia to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock in specially protected areas, providing a focused analysis of the ecological footprint of tourism through GHG emissions. The findings confirm that tourism contributes to increased GHG emissions in these protected areas. Specifically, in Altai Tavan Bogd National Park, the number of tourists staying in the area increased by 2.7 times, while livestock numbers rose by 3.3 times during the study period. The results indicate that the growth in livestock populations, driven by tourism, has led to higher GHG emissions and intensified grazing pressure, negatively impacting the habitats and sustainability of rare plant and animal species within the park.

The study explores the digital potential and prospects of advanced innovative technologies in higher education institutions, compared to global practices. The research is situated within the theoretical framework of socio-constructivist learning theory, emphasizing the role of digital technologies in facilitating collaborative learning environments. Findings indicate that digitalization and inclusive educational practices are evolving into central elements of educational strategies. This study highlighted specific case studies, such as the implementation of virtual reality and e-learning platforms at Otgontenger University, demonstrating their significant impact on enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes.

The global financial milieu has long been characterized by the pre-eminence of the United States dollar as the world's principal reserve currency. Nevertheless, emerging trends indicate the prospect of a paradigmatic shift wherein the dollar's status as a reserve currency may diminish. This study undertakes an in-depth analysis of the factors contributing to this potential transition, with particular emphasis on the ascent of the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and their capability to establish a novel financial framework. Drawing upon insights from eminent scholars affiliated with prestigious institutions such as Harvard, Cambridge, Princeton, Chicago, Yale, and Oxford, this research assesses the evolving dynamics of global finance. By scrutinizing historical hegemonic patterns dating back to the 17th century, this investigation offers a comprehensive perspective on the ascendance and decline of dominant currencies and their ramifications on the international monetary system. Through meticulous examination of economic indicators, geopolitical transformations, and institutional advancements, this paper elucidates potential avenues through which the BRICS nations could challenge the hegemony of the U.S. dollar. Furthermore, it explores the feasibility of instituting alternative financial mechanisms to facilitate transactions and investments among BRICS countries and beyond, thereby mitigating dependence on the dollar-centric financial framework. This research, therefore, has culminated in the conclusion that the hegemonic status of the U.S. dollar is poised to diminish before the year 2030.