The risk-based approach is one of the keys used in the implementation of management systems using requirements from the management standards. If the management systems are implemented separately, the risks are evaluated from only one perspective, but when two or more systems are integrated, the approach must take into account the synergetic effects of the risks due to system integration. The paper aims to highlight the specific risks encountered when implementing management systems in organizations, underlining the risks associated with systems management and integrated management systems. In this work, a synthesis was presented including an analysis of the risks that occurred during the implementation of management systems and those that occurred during their integration, the need and opportunity of risk management, the advantages, and barriers in the approach of risk management in the industrial sector. The review of the literature comprises the assessment of 190 papers, 11 books, and 5 standards. The content of the paper highlights a synthesis of risk-based thinking and the risks that can manifest in the implementation of quality, environmental, and occupational safety and health management systems in industrial organizations, as well as those which can manifest in the implementation of integrated management systems. In addition, the benefits and barriers in risk management and risk management strategies, with an emphasis on the presentation of the Deming approach to risk management, were evidenced. Some recommendations and proposals for future research were made.

The paper presents a synthesis of strategies, benefits, and barriers in the integration management systems (IMS) implementation at the organizational level. The research is based on an assessment of 103 papers, 7 books, 12 standards, and 7 sites. The analysis of works aims to highlight the common integration models of several IMS, aspects related to IMS implementation, benefits of IMS implementations, and the nature of integration strategies. The research results present valuable information which can be used by top managers of organizations, certification bodies, and consulting organizations to encourage the implementation of integrated management systems.

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in all fields, especially in the area of risk management within Integrated Management Systems (IMS). The paper aims to highlight the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in risk management, therefore providing opportunities for industrial organizations, offering significant advantages for improving the efficiency and accuracy of risk assessment and mitigation processes. By using advanced AI technologies, organizations can anticipate and manage risks more effectively, therefore optimizing operational performance and resilience. We reviewed and explored the main applications of AI implementation, risk management, the barriers encountered, and the advantages and disadvantages of using AI. A holistic analysis of IMS risk management, identification and assessment, operational efficiency of routine tasks, real-time data analysis, and immediate decision-making using AI was performed. The methods and technologies used are analyzed, along with the associated challenges, providing a comprehensive perspective on the impact of AI in industrial organizations. We conclude that the use of AI addresses challenges related to data quality, model interpretation, ethical issues, and high costs of implementation and management, which require qualified personnel. Also, we conclude that the use of AI in risk management for IMS presents significant opportunities for industrial organizations, including enhanced process monitoring, rapid information analysis, and swift response to emerging risks. This enables the optimization of risk management strategies, ultimately leading to increased operational safety and efficiency.

This paper aims to highlight the specific elements regarding emergence and resilience in implementing integrated management systems (IMSs) in organizations with an industrial profile in Romania. The purpose of the research was to carry out an extensive study in the industrial field to identify key elements in the implementation of IMSs, considering the identification and analysis of those elements that can generate risks (emerging elements) as well as the identification and analysis of components that can be used to intervene quickly in the event of the manifestation of risks and that may produce unexpected disturbances (resilient management). A quantitative survey distributed to 147 managers of an industrial organization that has a minimum of two integrated management systems was used for data collection. The present study highlights the opinions of the managers from Romanian industrial enterprises regarding the elements that contribute when implementing an integrated management system. For this purpose, the survey focused on the following main topics: the advantages achieved from the integration, the internal and external barriers encountered, the strategies followed for integration, the risks that occurred, some of the internal and external performance indicators (KPIs) that guide the organization, the elements that are not susceptible to integration, the integration model used, the audit typology, the documents that are needed and the main aspects improved after implementing the integrated management system. The information obtained from the study outlined several themes that management should consider in order to obtain a framework for integration guidance.

Friendly Force's Projection, Training and Engagement Hybrid warfare is a different kind of warfare than the conventional one that militaries have become accustomed to and trained for over time. In order for the armies to be able to deal with this particular type of conflict, it is necessary, first of all, for them to understand the context in which it appears and manifests itself and to know its particularities, since no two hybrid conflicts are alike. Combating hybrid warfare requires a comprehensive approach that combines all the instruments of power as effectively as possible, and that actions take place in a coordinated manner in all confrontational environments, both physical and informational, cyber or virtual. Countering an adversary using hybrid tactics or strategies requires understanding that the adversary is using the environment and context to its advantage, and that the adversary is trying to exploit the other side's vulnerabilities and create new vulnerabilities, while simultaneously trying to reduce its own vulnerabilities and transform them to its advantage. The nature of hybrid warfare determines how to counter it. Fighting a hybrid adversary requires flexible and adaptable forces capable of operating in a complex, ambiguous, ever-changing environment characterised by a high degree of uncertainty, where situations cannot be catalogued in nuances of black and white, but different shades of grey must be distinguished, which can render a conventional force ineffective and overexposed. Fighting a hybrid adversary involves developing a new, unconventional way of thinking and putting yourself in the attacker's role to better understand their perspective. Fighting means not only the use of force but, above all, increasing the ability to identify the mode of action of hybrid attackers and increasing the resistance capacity, developing the resilience of people and systems, which can be done through intensive, realistic training, through complex and dynamic exercises.

The Role of Proxies The international security environment is a complex reality, a place where divergent interests collide, spheres of influence are drawn, and political, economic or military objectives are sought to be achieved by any means. However, these actions may lead to conflict with other powers that are interested in expanding influence in the same area or want to limit the influence of potential adversaries. Conflicts that arise in different areas of the world can be used by regional or global powers as a tool to promote their own interests, without fuelling tensions that can give rise to a large-scale confrontation with other powers. Regional or global powers may choose to support conflicting parties overtly or covertly during a conflict by providing material support, in the form of weapons, ammunition or military technologies, or in the form of intelligence, avoiding direct involvement in military action. Thus we are witnessing the birth of conflicts that go through intermediaries or proxy conflicts, which are a form of manifestation of the hybrid conflict. In this hybrid conflict, the great powers are involved, which play the role of sponsor, shadow protector and small states or even political, ethnic groups or organisations which play the role of intermediary, instrument of struggle, which actively participate in military actions and which have own objectives, but they also have in mind the promotion of the objectives of the protectors. Considerations on proxy warfare Hybrid confrontations are not specific to the modern era, they can be encountered throughout history, but in the modern era proxy wars have acquired a new dimension, becoming the main tool of the great powers. 2 Throughout history, states or even empires have used intermediaries to conduct military campaigns on their behalf, even encouraging them to attack more powerful but inconvenient opponents than the intermediary, in order to advance the sponsor's political and 1 "Nicolae Bălcescu" Land Forces Academy.