The impact of societal and economic development on academic performance is a circle that needs to be established by the developing economies. This research aims to identify the factors that are associated with increased academic performance in Pakistan which is found to be challenging. This study collected secondary qualitative data from 30 research studies published in global and international journals which helped in investigating the role of societal and economic development on academic performance. It is suggested that the country invests in its educational sector and provide an improved outlook to the economy and aid the society which will, in turn, benefit the academic performance of the whole country. Therefore, it is concluded that societal and economic development play an important role in determining academic performance.

Purpose: In light of the complex and volatile business environment, the study aims to examine the influence of supply chain technological capabilities (SCTCs) on supply chain learning (SCL) and supply chain integration (SCI). Additionally, it examines the impact of supply chain learning and integration on supply chain absorptive capacity, as well as the effect of supply chain absorptive capacity (SCAC) on supply chain resilience (SCR) and supply chain robustness (SCRO). Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a quantitative approach, with data collected from 411 manufacturing firms in China. For data analysis, PLS-SEM was utilized to achieve the study objectives. Findings: The outcome reveals that SCTCs favorably influence both SCL and SCI. Furthermore, SCL and SCI positively affect SCAC, which in turn has a beneficial impact on the SCR and SCRO. Practical implications: Practitioners gain actionable insights into leveraging SCTCs to enhance collaborative learning and integration, strengthening absorptive capacity. The study guides firms in designing adaptive supply chains by prioritizing technology adoption, knowledge-sharing mechanisms, and agile partnerships to mitigate disruptions. Originality/value: Grounded in the dynamic capabilities view, this study advances academic understanding by empirically validating a novel framework linking SCTCs, SCL, SCI and SCAC to SCR and SCRO. Unlike prior studies, it uniquely examines the interplay of these constructs in disruption contexts, addressing a critical gap in supply chain literature. The findings reveal that SCTCs are foundational to fostering SCL and SCI, amplifying SCAC —a key driver of SCR and SCRO.

Supply chain resilience (SRES) is essential for firms aiming to alleviate the impact of interruptions and maintain operational continuity and sustainability in performance. In the context of the FMCG industries of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, characterized by intricate and vulnerable supply chains, there exists an urgent necessity for solutions that bolster resilience. This study examines the influence of critical factors resilient suppliers (RS), transportation capacity (TC), flexibility (FLEX), network complexity (NC), and supply chain dynamism (SPD) on SRES. A quantitative methodology was utilized, examining survey data from 611 participants with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). The results indicate that RS and TC are essential for directly improving SRES, whereas FLEX and SPD facilitate increased adaptability and reactivity. The NCA emphasizes the need to control NC to avert bottlenecks that may impede resilience. This study indicates that SRES emerges from the dynamic interplay of several elements, rather than from separate enhancements. Although NC exerts a negligible direct influence, adeptly managing complexity is crucial for reducing disruptions and inefficiencies. The results underscore that fortifying RS, TC, and FLEX in unison improves resilience and adaptation to market volatility and disturbances. This study provides various theoretical and managerial insights. A systems theory approach highlights the interdependence of supply chain components, whereas the Theory of Constraints (TOC) posits that excessive NC can hinder resilience. Management should concentrate on maximizing RS and TC until declining returns are evident, thereafter redirecting efforts towards improving FLEX and minimizing NC. Furthermore, optimizing processes and facilitating swift decision-making are essential for maintaining resilience.

In the current volatile corporate landscape, characterized by pandemics, technology innovations and market fluctuations, efficient supply chain management practices (SCMPs) are essential for improving organizational performance. Despite their significance, there is a paucity of research examining the distinct influence of SCMPs on firm operational and financial performance (FOFP) within Pakistan’s fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector, especially with competitive advantage (CA) serving as a mediator. This study investigates four SCMPs: strategic supplier partnerships (SSPs), information sharing (INF), customer relationship management (CRM), and postponement (PPT) and their impact on FOFP, mediated by CA. Data from 386 FMCG employees in Pakistan were gathered through a questionnaire and analyzed utilizing structural equation modelling with SMART PLS software (version 4.0). Findings demonstrate that SSP, INF and CRM substantially improve FOFP, reducing cost, enhancing delivery times, and increasing market share and profitability. Nonetheless, PPT demonstrates no substantial direct or mediated influence on FOFP, indicating its restricted relevance in FMCG settings absent strategic planning. CA positively influences the link among SSP, INF, CRM and FOFP, strengthening cost leadership and differentiation. These findings direct managers to emphasize SSPs, INF and CRM over conventional methods, perhaps using CRM-driven loyalty programmes to enhance market share.