While processing the soil with traditional plows at the same depth, a plow sole is formed in the subsurface layer, which leads to a deterioration in moisture absorption by the lower subsurface soil layer. As a result, water erosion occurs on the slopes. To overcome these limitations, the authors proposed an improved linear-step plow for soil slopes processing. Analytical expressions were obtained for determination the main parameters and traction resistance of the linearly-stepped broach-plow. It was indicated that the turnover of the layers with the lowest energy costs is provided with the following parameters of the plow of odd hulls: plow length is 75 cm, plow width is 25 cm, stabilizing plate height is 15 cm, and the minimum distance from the ploughshare toe to the stabilizing plate is 25 cm. An installation angle of the plate to the furrow bottom, the length of the plate and the width of the wing holders, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the soil have a significant impact on the traction resistance of the hedge.

Success in cultivating cotton largely depends on the timing and quality of soil preparation for sowing and sowing, and the latter, in turn, depends on how it is carried out and on the perfect design of the machines. The aim of the study is to justify the shape of the ridges and the parameters of the moulder to the cotton seeder. The authors proposed a new technology for sowing with the simultaneous formation of ridges. The shape and parameters of the ridge are theoretically substantiated. When performing the shape of the ridge in the form of an isosceles trapezoid and, accordingly, with a height and width of the ridge surface of at least 100 mm and 160 mm, the seed bed is protected from flooding by rain streams. The design of the developed comb moulder to a cotton seeder for the implementation of the proposed technology is given. Theoretically substantiated the main parameters of the crest moulder. It was found that when the input edge of the moulder is 290-320 mm wide, the output edge is 160 mm, the angle of inclination of the side blade to the direction of movement is 20°, the length of the runner of the moulder is 203-215 mm, the height of the side blade is 100 mm and the angle of installation of the side blade to horizon 42-45° ensures high-quality implementation of the technological process of formation of ridges. When sowing cotton seeds on the ridges with the simultaneous formation of the ridge, the seedlings of the plants increase, and the cotton yield increases compared to the smooth sowing method of 9.9%.

The aim of the study is to analyze soil cultivation technologies and development trends of tillage machines in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The prospects of using dump and non-dump soil tillage are shown. Existing basic processing technologies are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional technologies and plows for primary tillage are analyzed. The advantages of the new technology of smooth plowing and frontal plows for its implementation are given. The expediency of developing and implementing combined machines that carry out various technological processes in one pass of the unit and special-purpose plows for working in gardens and on slopes based on frontal plows is substantiated. The perspectives of the application of technologies and tools for anti-erosion and land reclamation cultivation, phytomeliorative works based on minimal narrow-band soil cultivation and sowing are shown. Directions of developments in the field of mechanization of tillage in the future are given.

The existing plows of smooth, furless plowing do not ensure efficient use of the power of energy-rich arable tractors, high-quality soil preparation for sowing and an increase in the productivity of the unit. The aim of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the active working body of the combined frontal plow, which ensures the efficient use of the power of energy-saturated arable tractors, high-quality soil preparation for sowing and an increase in the productivity of the unit. A constructive scheme of a combined frontal plow with active working bodies has been developed. Analytical dependencies are obtained that describe the process of interaction of an active working body with the soil and, on their basis, rational parameters of an active working body are determined. In the research, the laws and rules of theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics, mathematical planning of experiments and methods of strain gauge were applied. It was found that when the active working body of the combined plow is in the form of an active cutter, its diameter is 572 mm, the number of knives is 5 pieces, the length of the knives is 16 cm and the sharpening angle is 20°, the required quality of plowing is ensured with the least energy consumption. In this case, the longitudinal distance from the nose of the body share to the shaft of the active working body of the combined frontal plow should be 3 cm, the indicator of the kinematic operating mode of the active working body – 2.19 the transverse distance between adjacent working bodies along the shaft of the active working body -26 cm.

This paper highlights the necessity of system modification of the main soil slopes processing by developing new technologies of processing eroded soils and technical means to protect a soil from wind and water erosion, reduce processing energy costs, improve moisture accumulation and preservation, and increase the aggregate productivity. An improved differentiated system of slopes soil tilling is proposed, including a crest-stepped ploughing with complete alternation (at 180° within the range of own furrow) and incomplete turnover of the layers and mouldboardless two-tier tilling. During the first year, a crest-stepped ploughing was carried out on slope fields affected by water and wind erosion. Thus, stratum’s subsurface layers are strip loosened. To implement this technology, an improved plough for crest-stepped ploughing developed on the basis of a stepped plough for furrowless smooth tillage is proposed. The rotation was carried out with mould boardless two-tier soil tilling by a ripper with inclined posts. Further, it is recommended to develop and implement combined machines able to simultaneously conduct mould boardless and mouldboard soil tilling, strip subsurface loosening, fertilizer application and other manipulations to prepare soil for sowing and the sowing per one passage of the unit to protect soil from wind and water erosion.

Seedbed preparation to achieve desired aggregate size requires many tillage operations when performed on dry soil. A very common implement used for the initial operation is the moldboard plough, subsequent passes may include disk, chisel ploughs, cultivators, rototillers and harrows. Therefore ploughing should form flat soil surface to ensure favorable conditions for performance of subsequent operations. Mechanical reconsolidation by fragmenting and packing at spot ploughing on dry soils was studied in a soil bin, and on loam soil in the field. The results show that in dry soil fragmentation by ploughing and packing is attained by tearing the natural clods from each other and by stressing and translocating them. The maximum bulk density after ploughing was about 964 kg m^-3, after ploughing and packing was about 1071 kg m^-3 . Packing considerably reduced soil surface roughness from about 0.12m to 0.04m. Moreover, packing by rolling increased soil fragmentation from about 68.2 % (after ploughing) to 79.8 %. A series of experiments showed that the roller had only a slight influence on draught resistance. The spot ploughing draught were increased about 1.3% at this operating conditions.