Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the fatty acids content in corn seeds oil (Zea mays) sample cultivated in Ecuador.Methods: Corn oil was obtained from corn oil seeds using the cold pressing method. Methyl esters fatty acids analysis were carried out using the gas chromatography (GC) method with a mass selective detector and using the database library NIST 14.L to identify the compounds present in the corn seed oil.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from corn (Z. mays) seeds using the GC mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analytical method. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters on a capillary column DB-WAX 122-7062 with a good separation of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and linolenic acid. The structure of methyl esters fatty acids was determined using the GS-MS method. Corn oil has a high content of linoleic acid (omega 6) with a value of 52.68% of the total content of fatty acids in corn oil and 29.70% of oleic acid (omega 9) of the total content of fatty acids in corn oil. The sample presented a value of 12.57% of palmitic acid.Conclusions: Corn oil shows a good content of fatty acids omega 6 and 9. The higher value was of omega 6 with 52.68% content. Corn oil has a good proportion of polyunsaturated of lipids (53.80%) and 14.86% of saturated lipids.

Casein and whey proteins with and without heat treatment were obtained of whole milk and four commercial milks in Ecuador, and were hydrolyzed. Then, their capacity to inhibit the lipid peroxidation using the TBARS method was evaluated at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.2, and, 0.4 mg/mL. Native and heated hydrolysates of milk proteins present high inhibitions of lipid peroxidation with a dose dependent effect both in vivo and in vitro tests. Casein and whey proteins obtained from whole milk were the ones with the highest anti-oxidant activity in vitro and in vivo test. Native casein hydrolysate at 0.4 mg/mL present a value of 55.55% of inhibition of lipid peroxidation and heated casein hydrolysate at 0.4 mg/mL presents a value of 58.00% of inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Native whey protein at 0.4 mg/mL present a value of 34.84% of inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and heated whey protein at 0.4 mg/mL presents a value of 40.86% of inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Native and heated casein hydrolysates were more active than native and heated whey protein hydrolysates. Heat treatments have an effect of increasing the in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation of hydrolysates of milk protein. Casein and whey hydrolysates were able to inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the zebrafish larvae model. Native casein hydrolysate obtained of whole milk presents 48.35% of inhibition TBARS in vivo, this activity was higher in heated casein hydrolysate obtained of whole milk with a value of 56.28% of inhibition TBARS in vivo. Native whey protein hydrolysate obtained of whole milk presents 35.30% of inhibition TBARS, and heated whey protein hydrolysate obtained of whole milk was higher, with a value of 43.60% of inhibition TBARS in vivo.

Ecuador Andean purple corn (Zea mays L.) was subjected to a germination process at 15–40 °C for 24–168 incubation hours. Purple corn protein concentrates (PCPCs) were obtained by alkaline extraction at pH 8.0 and pH 10.0, followed by an isoelectric precipitation process at pH 4.0, pH 5.0 and pH 6.0. Proteins and phenolic content of PCPCs was calculated. PCPC antioxidant properties were determined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in vitro method and by the 2,2-azinobis, 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, (ABTS) in vitro method. Andean purple corn seeds were able to germinate under the germination conditions tested in this study. The higher percentage of germination was of 63.33% at 168 h/25 °C. The PCPCs protein profile was characterized for the presence of six bands with molecular weights of 14.50 kDa, 20.12 kDa, 25.18 kDa, 41.85 kDa, 59.59 kDa, and 65.87 kDa. Germinated PCPC presented a high TPC content with ranges of 605.71–1820.00 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g PCPC dry weight (DW), germinated PCPC/72 h/25 °C presented a higher value of 1820.00 mg GAE/g PCPC, DW. All germinated PCPCs samples assayed presented strong antioxidant activity when measured by the ABTS and FRAP methods. Germinated PCPC/144 h/35 °C presented high antioxidant activity by ABTS with 804.35 µmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g PCPC DW and germinated PCPC/144 h/30 °C presented a high value by the FRAP method, 987.83 µmol TE/g PCPC DW.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition in a macadamia seeds oil sample cultivated in Ecuador.Materials & Methods: macadamia oil was obtained of macadamia seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the Gas Chromathography method with a Mass Selective Detector (GC/MSD) and using the data base Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: macadamia seeds have a high content of unsaturated fatty acids with 41.36% of oleic acid. Macadamia seeds oil has 37.77% of polyunsaturated fatty acids of which 3.79% ɷ6 α- Linoleic and 33.98% of ɷ3 α- Linolenic. Macadamia seeds only have 9.33% of palmitic acid. Conclusions: Macadamia seeds are a good source of monounsaturated fatty acids oleic acid and with a good content of ɷ6 α- Linoleic and ɷ3 α- Linolenic. This profile enables their use as a good and healthy oil to be used in the food industry in Ecuador. Keywords: Macadamia, Macadamia integrifolia, Fatty acids, Gas chromatography-mass selective detector, Methyl ester, Omega acids.

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain protein concentrates from macadamia using alkaline pH at different pHs of precipitation with water to analyze the protein isolates using the Native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and RP-UHPLC methods.Materials & Methods: Macadamia protein concentrates were obtained using the isoelectric precipitation method at different pHs using water as solvent. Proteins were analyzed using the Native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and RP-UHPLC methods.Results: A yield of 36.57±0.17a of protein concentrate of defatted macadamia flour at pH 6.0 with a 51.564% of protein was obtained using the Dumas method. Polypeptides profile was identified in the 11-63 kDa range. Total polyphenols content was high at pH 5.0 with a value of 367,340 mg GAE equivalents / 100 g.Conclusions: Macadamia seed is a good source of proteins. Native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE and RP-UHPLC are good methods to identify the macadamia protein isolate in presence of water.