Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a promising technology for producing metallic alloys with complex geometries and optimized properties, especially in the fabrication of bronze alloys. This literature review presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of AM on the mechanical, microstructural, and functional properties of Cu-Sn, Cu-Al, and Cu-Ni-Al bronze alloys processed via WAAM, EBAM, SLM, CMTAM, and CSAM techniques. It discusses aspects such as microstructural evolution, intermetallic phase formation, hardness, tensile strength, wear, corrosion, and comparisons with conventional methods such as casting and powder metallurgy. The review concludes that, with proper control of processing parameters and heat treatments, AM enables the production of components with performance equal to or surpassing traditional routes, establishing itself as a viable technological alternative for structural and functional applications.

As ligas de alumínio da série 6000 (Al-Si-Mg) são amplamente utilizadas em aplicações estruturais devido à sua excelente combinação entre leveza, resistência mecânica e resistência à corrosão. No entanto, a união dessas ligas por processos convencionais de soldagem a arco apresenta desafios metalúrgicos importantes, como a formação de trincas, porosidades e zonas termicamente afetadas com perda de propriedades. Neste contexto, a soldagem por atrito (Friction Stir Welding – FSW) surge como uma alternativa promissora, por operar em estado sólido e minimizar os defeitos típicos de processos por fusão. Esta revisão bibliográfica visa analisar criticamente os efeitos da FSW nas propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais das ligas 6000, com ênfase na evolução microestrutural, influência dos parâmetros de processo, resposta ao tratamento térmico pós-soldagem, formação de defeitos e desempenho funcional em aplicações industriais. A análise foi fundamentada em artigos publicados entre 2004 e 2025, abrangendo abordagens experimentais, simulações numéricas e estudos comparativos com outros processos. Os resultados mostram que, sob controle adequado de parâmetros, o FSW permite a obtenção de juntas com excelente integridade metalúrgica e desempenho mecânico próximo ao material base, consolidando-se como uma técnica estratégica para aplicações críticas em estruturas de alumínio.

The growing demand for lightweight, high-performance materials in the automotive, aerospace, construction, and energy sectors has increased interest in 6000 series aluminum alloys. These alloys, primarily composed of magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si), exhibit a balanced combination of mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and good formability. This literature review aims to critically examine the influence of alloying elements, especially Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, and Fe on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. To achieve this, peer-reviewed scientific articles published between 2007 and 2025 were selected from major databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Qualis-CAPES. Studies were included based on criteria such as experimental clarity, advanced microstructural characterization, and analysis of precipitation and processing effects. The review shows that small variations in chemical composition significantly affect the types, morphology, and distribution of precipitates, which in turn influence yield strength, ductility, and electrical resistivity. Furthermore, it highlights the effects of heat treatments (T4 and T6), thermomechanical processing (rolling, extrusion, Friction Stir Processing (FSP)), and solid solubility on microstructure and final performance. The technical and environmental viability of using recycled aluminum is also discussed, emphasizing the importance of controlling residual elements such as iron and manganese. The findings reinforce that a deep understanding of the structure–property relationship is essential to optimize these alloys for modern engineering applications. This integrated review serves as a reference for developing advanced materials that meet both performance and sustainability criteria in competitive industrial environments.

This literature review aims to critically examine the effects of extrusion on the microstructural, mechanical, and functional properties of brass alloys, focusing on both binary and ternary compositions, including lead-free alternatives. Over 35 research articles published between 2006 and 2022 were analyzed, covering conventional extrusion routes, ECAP, twist extrusion, friction stir back extrusion (FSBE), and powder metallurgy combined with plasma sintering. Extrusion has proven effective in grain refinement, texture control, and mechanical strengthening, although it also poses challenges such as thermal cracking, phase segregation, and hot tearing. Alloys with Bi, Sn, Ti, and graphite additions have shown excellent functional and environmental performance, positioning them as promising substitutes for traditional Pb-containing brass. Computational modeling has emerged as a key tool for defect prediction and process optimization. This review provides valuable technical insights for the design and manufacture of high-performance extruded brass components aligned with modern industrial demands.

A manufatura aditiva de ligas de alumínio da série AlSiMg 6000 tem ganhado destaque como uma tecnologia promissora para a produção de componentes estruturais com geometrias complexas, reduzido desperdício de material e propriedades mecânicas competitivas. Esta revisão bibliográfica aborda criticamente os efeitos da manufatura aditiva nos aspectos microestruturais e mecânicos dessas ligas, considerando diferentes rotas de processamento, como SLM (Selective Laser Melting), WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) e FSW (Friction Stir Welding). São discutidos o comportamento de solidificação, a formação de defeitos típicos (porosidade, trincas), a influência dos parâmetros operacionais, o papel dos tratamentos térmicos e os desafios relacionados à anisotropia microestrutural. Conclui-se que, embora existam obstáculos técnicos à sua plena adoção industrial, avanços em materiais, processos e pós-tratamentos vêm consolidando a manufatura aditiva como uma alternativa viável e estratégica para as ligas da série 6000 em aplicações avançadas.

This literature review critically analyzes the effects of cold rolling and subsequent heat treatments on the evolution of microstructure, crystallographic texture, and mechanical and functional properties of Cu-Zn alloys (brasses), with special focus on compositions near 70/30 brass. High-impact scientific articles published between 2009 and 2025 were selected, covering different processing routes, including conventional, cryogenic, and accumulative rolling, as well as various annealing parameters. The analysis shows that cold rolling leads to significant microstructural fragmentation, intensification of brass and copper textures, and increased mechanical strength, though often at the expense of ductility and electrical conductivity. Controlled annealing was effective in restoring ductility, inducing recrystallization textures such as Cube, and tuning properties for specific applications. Furthermore, there is growing interest in lead-free alloys using Bi and Al additions, aligned with environmental regulations. The findings compiled here contribute to understanding the physical mechanisms involved and support the design of engineered brass laminates for applications in the automotive, electronics, energy, and ammunition sectors.