Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a promising technology for producing metallic alloys with complex geometries and optimized properties, especially in the fabrication of bronze alloys. This literature review presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of AM on the mechanical, microstructural, and functional properties of Cu-Sn, Cu-Al, and Cu-Ni-Al bronze alloys processed via WAAM, EBAM, SLM, CMTAM, and CSAM techniques. It discusses aspects such as microstructural evolution, intermetallic phase formation, hardness, tensile strength, wear, corrosion, and comparisons with conventional methods such as casting and powder metallurgy. The review concludes that, with proper control of processing parameters and heat treatments, AM enables the production of components with performance equal to or surpassing traditional routes, establishing itself as a viable technological alternative for structural and functional applications.

The growing demand for lightweight, high-performance materials in the automotive, aerospace, construction, and energy sectors has increased interest in 6000 series aluminum alloys. These alloys, primarily composed of magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si), exhibit a balanced combination of mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and good formability. This literature review aims to critically examine the influence of alloying elements, especially Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, and Fe on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. To achieve this, peer-reviewed scientific articles published between 2007 and 2025 were selected from major databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Qualis-CAPES. Studies were included based on criteria such as experimental clarity, advanced microstructural characterization, and analysis of precipitation and processing effects. The review shows that small variations in chemical composition significantly affect the types, morphology, and distribution of precipitates, which in turn influence yield strength, ductility, and electrical resistivity. Furthermore, it highlights the effects of heat treatments (T4 and T6), thermomechanical processing (rolling, extrusion, Friction Stir Processing (FSP)), and solid solubility on microstructure and final performance. The technical and environmental viability of using recycled aluminum is also discussed, emphasizing the importance of controlling residual elements such as iron and manganese. The findings reinforce that a deep understanding of the structure–property relationship is essential to optimize these alloys for modern engineering applications. This integrated review serves as a reference for developing advanced materials that meet both performance and sustainability criteria in competitive industrial environments.

This literature review aims to critically examine the effects of extrusion on the microstructural, mechanical, and functional properties of brass alloys, focusing on both binary and ternary compositions, including lead-free alternatives. Over 35 research articles published between 2006 and 2022 were analyzed, covering conventional extrusion routes, ECAP, twist extrusion, friction stir back extrusion (FSBE), and powder metallurgy combined with plasma sintering. Extrusion has proven effective in grain refinement, texture control, and mechanical strengthening, although it also poses challenges such as thermal cracking, phase segregation, and hot tearing. Alloys with Bi, Sn, Ti, and graphite additions have shown excellent functional and environmental performance, positioning them as promising substitutes for traditional Pb-containing brass. Computational modeling has emerged as a key tool for defect prediction and process optimization. This review provides valuable technical insights for the design and manufacture of high-performance extruded brass components aligned with modern industrial demands.

A presente revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo analisar criticamente os efeitos do processo de extrusão sobre as propriedades microestruturais, texturais e mecânicas da liga de alumínio AA3003. São abordados aspectos fundamentais relacionados à evolução das fases intermetálicas, formação de dispersóides, desenvolvimento de textura cristalográfica e sua interação direta com o desempenho mecânico do material extrudado. Discute-se, ainda, a influência dos diferentes processos de extrusão, como direta, indireta, rotativa contínua (CRE) e extrusão, destacando as vantagens e limitações de cada técnica. A partir de análises experimentais e modelagens computacionais, evidencia-se que o controle adequado dos parâmetros de processamento, aliado ao entendimento dos fenômenos metalúrgicos, é essencial para otimizar a resistência mecânica, a ductilidade e a estabilidade dimensional da liga AA3003. Conclui-se que a integração entre conhecimento metalúrgico, simulações numéricas e engenharia de processos representa uma estratégia indispensável para o desenvolvimento de produtos com alto desempenho tecnológico.

This literature review aims to critically and thoroughly analyze the effects of friction stir welding (FSW) on the microstructural and mechanical properties of binary brasses. Through a comprehensive analysis of specialized literature, the main metallurgical mechanisms involved were discussed, including dynamic recrystallization, intermetallic compounds formation, and the evolution of microstructural gradients across the affected zones (Stir Zone, TMAZ, and HAZ). The influence of process parameters notably tool rotational speed, feed rate, axial force, and tool geometry, was directly correlated to the microstructural evolution and joint quality. Fracture modes and failure mechanisms were analyzed, highlighting that crack nucleation preferentially occurs in regions with severe hardness gradients and/or intermetallic presence. The comparison between similar and dissimilar joints revealed that the latter present significantly greater challenges, particularly related to the formation of continuous intermetallic layers and thermal asymmetry during processing. Finally, consolidated advances, persistent challenges, and prospects for developing technological solutions that ensure the structural integrity and mechanical performance of friction-stirred binary brass joints are discussed.

Esta revisão bibliográfica aborda a influência da geometria de ranhuras internas em tubos de cobre sobre a eficiência da troca de calor em sistemas térmicos. A análise baseia-se em artigos de alto impacto que investigam parâmetros como profundidade, passo, ângulo helicoidal e número de ranhuras, relacionando-os ao desempenho térmico e às perdas hidráulicas. Estudos experimentais e numéricos demonstram que geometrias otimizadas podem aumentar em até 30% a capacidade térmica de evaporadores e condensadores, ainda que com penalizações associadas à perda de carga. A aplicação de métricas como EF/PF e número de Bejan permite avaliar o equilíbrio entre ganho térmico e eficiência energética. As implicações industriais são amplas, com destaque para os setores HVAC, automotivo e de refrigeração eletrônica. A adoção de tubos ranhurados permite sistemas mais compactos, econômicos e sustentáveis. A integração entre projeto geométrico, simulação computacional e otimização termodinâmica é essencial para o avanço das tecnologias de transferência de calor.