The article presents the influence of mechanical alloying and plastic consolidation on the resistance to arc erosion of the composite Ag–Re material against the selected contact materials. The following composites were selected for the tests: Ag90Re10, Ag95Re5, Ag99Re1 (bulk chemical composition). Ag–Re materials were made using two methods. In the first, the materials were obtained by mixing powders, pressing, sintering, extrusion, drawing, and die forging, whereas, in the second, the process of mechanical alloying was additionally used. The widely available Ag(SnO₂)10 and AgNi10 contact materials were used as reference materials. The reference AgNi10 material was made by powder metallurgy in the process of mixing, pressing, sintering, extrusion, drawing, and die forging, while the Ag(SnO₂)10 composite was obtained by spraying AgSniBi alloy with water, and then the powder was pressed, oxidized internally, sintered, extruded into wire, and drawn and die forged. The tests of electric arc resistance were carried out for loads with direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). For alternating current (I = 60 A, U = 230 V), 15,000 switching cycles were made, while, for constant current 50,000 (I = 10 A, U = 550 V). A positive effect of the mechanical alloying process and the addition of a small amount of rhenium (1% by mass) on the spark erosion properties of the Ag–Re contact material was found. When DC current of 10 A was used, AgRe1 composite was found to be more resistant than commonly used contact materials (AgNi10 and Ag(SnO₂)10).

This article describes a correction mechanism for balancing torques in moving drives. The steering system is controlled by a programable logic controller (PLC), a field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm in the drive inverter system, Process Fieldbus (PROFIBUS), and a Decentralized Peripherals (DP) network. The mechanism was applied in an opencast mining stacker with an induction motor and converter drive system. The mechanism was realized using SIMOLINK (Siemens Motion Link, SL) via fiber optic cables. Motor torque correction was applied in each electrical drive of the stacker machine. The main results presented in this paper were obtained directly from the machine. Selected digital control problems related to open mining stackers are discussed.

This publication presents an interdisciplinary approach to methods and tools supporting the development and implementation of the triple digital transformation, which has a significant impact on the development of cities and buildings. An example described in this implementation is the area of the Lodz Region and the City of Lodz, subject to Regional Smart Specializations (RISs). The proposed methods and concepts can be applied much more broadly, as they are scalable and are also used by the authors in scientific research and international European projects. Methods: The proposed concepts concern a comprehensive approach to implementing the triple transformation in the development of the smart city idea, based on cooperation between state administration, local governments, scientific institutions, and businesses. The authors have created an interdisciplinary team of scientists, where, based on specific local challenges and needs, the most important stages of action have been defined, and standards and modern digital tools have been identified to support the planning, design, implementation, and evaluation of green strategies and energy efficiency. This publication aims to create a space for the exchange of knowledge and experience, the presentation of innovative solutions, and the establishment of cooperation for the creation of smart and sustainable cities of the future.