Since the year 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as the dominant topic of discussion in the public and research domains. Intensive research has been carried out on several aspects of COVID-19, including vaccines, its transmission mechanism, detection of COVID-19 infection, and its infection rate and factors. The awareness of the public related to the COVID-19 infection factors enables the public to adhere to the standard operating procedures, while a full elucidation on the correlation of different factors to the infection rate facilitates effective measures to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection by policy makers and enforcers. Hence, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive and analytical review of different factors affecting the COVID-19 infection rate. Furthermore, this review analyses factors which directly and indirectly affect the COVID-19 infection risk, such as physical distance, ventilation, face masks, meteorological factor, socioeconomic factor, vaccination, host factor, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the availability of COVID-19 testing. Critical analysis was performed for the different factors by providing quantitative and qualitative studies. Lastly, the challenges of correlating each infection risk factor to the predicted risk of COVID-19 infection are discussed, and recommendations for further research works and interventions are outlined.

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is an integrated system of smart meters, communications networks, and data management systems that enable the secure, effective, and dependable distribution of power while also delivering enhanced capabilities to energy consumers. The system also can measure power usage, connect, and disconnect service, detect tampering, identify and isolate outages, and monitor voltage automatically and remotely, which were previously unavailable or required user intervention. This article focuses on AMI and effectively integrating renewable energy sources (RES). However, the study also recommends smart metering for renewables such as solar photovoltaic (PV), hydropower, anaerobic digestion (ad) metering, and renewable energy storage, in which AIM thoroughly supervises the energy utilized by users' appliances. With the prediction of new ancillary services connected with contestability, related regulation, the sufficiency of consumer protection, and safety issues, the magnitude of renewable energy sources in the AMI is an almost unprecedented problem for consumers. The present energy management problems include reducing the power supply-demand gap and boosting power supply dependability. Implementing AMI with distributed renewable energy resources might be a viable strategy for lowering power consumption, improving power supply management, and maximizing management resource use.