The rapid growth of the energy and transport sectors has led to an increase in fuel consumption, resulting in a significant rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Switching to renewable energy sources and replacing internal combustion engines with electric vehicles (EVs) can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, the electrification of the transportation sector has become a primary focus of research and development efforts. However, if EVs are charged using conventional energy sources, we are unable to fully capitalize on their potential to reduce emissions. Charging EVs using renewable energy sources is the optimal solution. Otherwise, the increased number of EVs on the roads can significantly impact the stability of existing electric grids. As a result, smart homes with EV charging stations are becoming increasingly popular worldwide. This review focuses on the concept of grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) smart homes integrated with EVs and energy management systems in Australia. Australia can reduce emissions in the building and transport sectors by electrifying a range of vehicles and ultimately powering them with 100% renewable energy sources. The benefits of EV integration alongside rooftop solar systems for smart homes with house-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-house, as well as vehicle-to-grid or grid-to-vehicle (bidirectional EV charging) capabilities are also explored in this article. By adopting these systems, these smart homes can provide energy schemes for commercial use, ultimately contributing to the owner’s economic benefit.

The common issue all the nations facing these days is the climate change. The entropy of the environment is increasing with the passage of time which affects the ozone layer and increases the global warming potential. The change in climate is mainly due to the emission of Green-House Gases (GHGs) which are produces from emission of gases and use of fossil fuels for generation of electricity in Pakistan. Most of the energy is used in commercial buildings as well as in residential buildings. It is the requirement of the hour that buildings are constructed in such a way that they consume lesser amount of energy due to efficient design and generate on-site energy for own utilization as well as to export extra energy to the utility. These Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) use energy from utility only when these sources are unavailable. NZEB play a vital role for sustainable energy utilization, energy security and being environment friendly. This paper gives a comparative analysis of electricity consumption in a conventional building and a NZEB. The concept of smart metering is also used to analyze the advantages of NZEB.