Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are increasing in the United States. However, population‐level data for mortality trends due to T2D and obesity are limited. This study aims to assess these death trends among adults in the United States categorized by sex, race, and geographical location.Methods: We queried the CDC‐WONDER database for multiple cause of death data of adults aged ≥25 years. The crude mortality rates (CMR), age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), annual percent change (APC), and the average APC (AAPC) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were analyzed.Results: From 1999 to 2022, a total of 88,597 T2DM and obesity‐related deaths were recorded in the United States. The AAMR consistently increased from 1999 to 2017 (APC: 7.64; 95% CI: 1.91–9.96), followed by a marked rise from 2017 to 2022 (APC: 20.13; 95% CI: 12.88–38.57). The AAMR was approximately 3.58 times higher during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to the period from 1999 to 2019. The AAMR for males was consistently greater than that for females. The highest AAMR was observed in non‐Hispanic (NH) Blacks or African Americans, followed by NH White, Hispanic or Latino, and other NH populations. Rural areas (AAMR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.83–1.89) exhibited a greater AAMR than urban regions 1.26 (95% CI: 1.25–1.27).Conclusions: Our results indicate a substantial increasing trend of T2D and obesity‐related deaths in the United States especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While alteplase has been widely used for acute management, recent clinical trials suggest that tenecteplase (TNK) may offer improved clinical outcomes. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of TNK compared with alteplase. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception to October 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials that compared TNK at 0.25 mg/kg dosage with alteplase. Data about clinical outcomes was extracted from both groups and assessed by generating forest plots using the random-effects model and pooling odds ratios (ORs). A total of 11 RCTs with 7,546 patients were included in the analysis. TNK showed statistically significant improvement in excellent functional outcome (mRS 0-1) compared with alteplase (OR= 1.14, 95 % CI= 1.03-1.25). No statistically significant difference was observed for good functional outcome (mRS 0-2) (OR= 1.11, 95 % CI= 0.9-1.25), early neurological improvement (OR=1.08, 95 % CI= 0.93-1.26), all-cause death (OR=0.99, 95 % CI= 0.81-1.19), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR=1.11, 95 % CI=0.81-1.52) and poor functional outcome (mRS=4-6) (OR=0.95, 95 % CI=0.79-1.14). In patients with acute ischemic stroke, TNK demonstrated a significant advantage over alteplase in achieving excellent functional outcomes. The incidence of early neurological improvement, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, all-cause death, and poor functional outcome remained comparable across the two groups.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in the United States, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. This study analyzes trends in T2DM-related mortality focusing on demographic and regional disparities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was utilized to extract death certificate data for adults aged 25 and older from 1999 to 2023. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated. Temporal trends were assessed by calculating the annual percent change using Joinpoint regression analysis. From 1999 to 2023, a total of 2,031,626 deaths were attributed to T2DM in the United States. The AAMR more than doubled from 21.54 per 100,000 in 1999 to 53.95 per 100,000 in 2023 with a pronounced increase between 2018 and 2021 (AAMR: 62.7 in 2021, annual percent change: 16.06%; 95% CI: 11.84-19.66). Males had considerably higher AAMR than females (68.82 vs 42.48 in 2023). Among racial and ethnic groups, Hispanic or Latino populations had the highest AAMR in 2023 (69.69), followed by non-Hispanic Black or African American (65.45), non-Hispanic other populations (53.7), and non-Hispanic White group (49.98). The Western region of the United States showed the highest AAMR (78.29), and rural areas consistently had higher mortality rates compared to urban areas (69.88 vs 55.32 in 2020). From 1999 to 2023, cardiovascular disease accounted for 626,706 deaths among adults with T2DM. T2DM-related mortality has increased substantially over the time in the United States, with a peak observed between 2018 and 2021, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

Background: Almost half of the US adult population has obesity, which predisposes to atherosclerosis and can lead to poor prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aim to identify CAD and obesity‐related mortality trends among adults in the United States stratified by age, sex, race and geographical location.Methods: The CDC‐WONDER database was used to extract death certificate data for adults aged ≥ 25 years. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and temporal trends were described by calculating annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC) in the rates using Joinpoint regression analysis.Results: From 1999 to 2022, a total of 273,761 CAD and obesity‐related deaths were recorded in the United States. The AAMR increased consistently from 1999 to 2018 (APC: 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4–4.9) and surged thereafter till 2022 (APC: 11.4; 95% CI: 7.7–19.1). During the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020–2022), AAMR almost doubled that of the rest of the study period. Additionally, the AAMR for males was nearly twice that of females. Non‐Hispanic (NH) Blacks or African Americans displayed the highest AAMR, followed by NH Whites, Hispanic or Latino, and other NH populations. AAMRs showed minimal variation by census regions. Rural areas exhibited a higher AAMR (AAMR: 5.9, 95% CI: 5.8–5.9) than urban areas (AAMR: 4.4, 95% CI: 4.4–4.5).Conclusions: We observed increasing trends in CAD and obesity‐related deaths throughout the study period reaching a peak during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

This comprehensive meta-analysis reveals that GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists are associated with reduced risk of composite cardiovascular endpoints and worsening heart failure events. However, no statistically significant differences were observed regarding all-cause or cardiovascular mortality.

Background: Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with or without Type 2 diabetes and heart failure (HF). However, studies have shown conflicting evidence regarding their efficacy in patients following acute myocardial infarction (MI). We conducted a pilot systematic review and meta‐analysis to synthesise the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in MI.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and Embase databases to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared clinical outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo following MI. We conducted the statistical analysis using RevMan, version 5.4 and pooled risk ratios (RRs) along the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for all outcomes.Results: Five RCTs reporting data for 11,211 patients were included in our study. The mean follow‐up duration was 43.8 weeks. Our pooled analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of hospitalisations for heart failure (HHF) (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.88, p = 0.001) in patients with MI. However, the risk of all‐cause mortality (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.78–1.41, p = 0.76), CV mortality (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.84–1.29, p = 0.73) and all‐cause hospitalisations (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96–1.17, p = 0.25) remained comparable across the two groups.Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors reduce HHF without affecting all‐cause mortality, CV mortality and all‐cause hospitalisations. However, further evidence is required to reach a definitive conclusion.