Las zonas áridas mexicanas ocupan 54% de la superficie y las habita más de 40% de la población nacional. Aunque existen pocos estudios sobre la biomasa y flujo de energía de las zonas áridas mexicanas, estos muestran que la biomasa aérea (23.2 Mg ha-1 ± 4.15 Mg ha-1, 23 sitios) y subterránea (11.2 Mg ha-1 ± 3.54 Mg ha-1, 7 sitios) fue superior al promedio de los desiertos del mundo y sus valores altos estuvieron cercanos al intervalo del bosque tropical caducifolio (BTC). La productividad primaria neta de las regiones más secas de las zonas áridas mexicanas (< 0.5 Mg ha-1 año-1 - 3.4 Mg ha-1 año-1) fue similar al promedio de los desiertos del mundo, pero en las regiones menos secas fue casi cuatro veces mayor y similar a los BTC más secos. La producción de hojarasca (2.85 Mg ha-1 año-1 ± 0.64 Mg ha-1 año-1, 12 sitios) fue mayor a los desiertos norteamericanos y en sitios mésicos fue cercana al BTC. La producción de hojas, como en la mayoría de los ecosistemas terrestres, fue el componente que más contribuyó a la producción anual de hojarasca. La tasa de descomposición de la hojarasca (0.001 g C año-1 - 0.44 g C año-1) fue más lenta en comparación con bosques. La respiración microbiana del suelo (28.4 µg C g-1 d-1 ± 5.44 µg C g-1 d-1, 10 sitios) dependió principalmente de la precipitación y la concentración de carbono y nitrógeno. La disponibilidad de agua es el principal factor que regula la biomasa y productividad primaria en las zonas áridas mexicanas. Urge incrementar las investigaciones sobre la dinámica de los ecosistemas áridos, cuya sensibilidad/resiliencia al cambio de uso de suelo y otras presiones persistentes de cambio global es aún incierta.

Body size exerts a strong influence on the physiology, morphology, ecology, and evolution of other life history traits in vertebrates. We compared the morphometry and allometry of two lizard species (Anolis nebulosus and Aspidoscelis lineattissima) occurring on mainland and island populations on the Pacific Coast of Mexico in order to understand the effect of an insular environment on body size and other morphometric structures.

The decrease of the habitat is one of the main factors that affect the survival of G. flavomarginatus. This study assesses the halophytic grasslands loss over a period of 30 years in the distribution area of the Bolson tortoise and the effects of climate change on the habitat suitability of these grasslands and its possible impact on this tortoise. Grassland loss was assessed by an analysis of symmetric differences and the habitat suitability model was carried out by the method of overlapping layers raster. Our results showed a grassland loss of 63.7%; however, our current habitat suitability model points out that much of the grassland loss has occurred where the environmental conditions are suitable. These results suggest that anthropic activity is a main factor in the habitat disturbance in the study area. Likewise, the models for years 2050 and 2070 under the criteria RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, suggest that anthropic activity will continue be the main cause of the grassland loss. Therefore, considering the association between the Bolson tortoise and grassland halophyte Hilaria mutica, which comprises around 60% of its diet, the viability of the Bolson tortoise depends largely on strategies aimed at protecting the soil that allow the presence of this grassland. The decrease of the habitat is one of the main factors that affect the survival of G. flavomarginatus. This study assesses the halophytic grasslands loss over a period of 30 years in the distribution area of the Bolson tortoise and the effects of climate change on the habitat suitability of these grasslands and its possible impact on this tortoise. Grassland loss was assessed by an analysis of symmetric differences and the habitat suitability model was carried out by the method of overlapping layers raster. Our results showed a grassland loss of 63.7%; however, our current habitat suitability model points out that much of the grassland loss has occurred where the environmental conditions are suitable. These results suggest that anthropic activity is a main factor in the habitat disturbance in the study area. Likewise, the models for years 2050 and 2070 under the criteria RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, suggest that anthropic activity will continue be the main cause of the grassland loss. Therefore, considering the association between the Bolson tortoise and grassland halophyte Hilaria mutica, which comprises around 60% of its diet, the viability of the Bolson tortoise depends largely on strategies aimed at protecting the soil that allow the presence of this grassland.

Climate change scenarios show that water availability could be decreasing in the near future, adding to the increasing problem of the growing water demands in socioeconomic sectors. The aim of this work was to generate a geographically explicit water balance concerning availability vs. demand in an overpopulated region of Mexico. Water balance and water deficit models were made for three periods of time: 1970–2000, and two future periods of time (2041–2060 and 2061–2080). Three global climate models were used in addition to two different climate scenarios from each (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) RCP 4.6 and RCP 8.5). Water demand for socioeconomic sectors was calculated through the water footprint. Water availability was 197,644.58 hm³/year, while that the water demand was 59,187 hm³/year. The socioeconomic sectors with the highest demand were domestic services (48%), agriculture (27%), livestock agriculture (20%), and timber production (5%). The highest water availability areas were not the same as those with the highest demand and vice versa. However, 39% of municipalities had a higher water demand than its availability. A significant reduction in water availability was identified, considering an interval of −15% to 40%. This variation depends on climate models, scenarios, and period of time. Areas with overpopulated cities in the region would have higher pressure on water availability. These results could be used in the implementation of public policies by focusing on adaptation strategies to reduce water deficit in the immediate future.