Reverse Logistics (RL) has become a critical challenge in supply chain management, especially for retail and e-commerce. With online shopping growth, product returns have increased due to sizing issues, quality concerns, and unmet customer expectations. This study analyzes return causes in online apparel shopping and proposes cost optimization strategies. Our findings show that understanding return drivers—fit issues, quality mismatches, and delivery delays—helps businesses reduce returns and enhance customer satisfaction. The research emphasizes adopting AI, blockchain, and IoT technologies to improve reverse logistics efficiency. Recommendations include implementing centralized return centers, automating supply chains, and educating customers to minimize costs. The study highlights RL's role in sustainability through recycling, refurbishment, and waste reduction practices. This research provides valuable insights for students, academics, and industry professionals seeking to address RL challenges and enhance supply chain sustainability in the apparel industry and beyond.

The rapid expansion of automobile service workshops in urban centres has intensified waste generation, environmental stress, and operational inefficiencies, particularly in emerging economies. Simultaneously, digital transformation has reshaped market ecosystems, influencing not only performance but also human well-being and life satisfaction. This work examines how digitally enabled sustainable reverse logistics practices contribute to waste minimisation, cost efficiency, and collective well-being within the urban automobile service sector. It focuses on the link between DRL and human well-being. The objective of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that illustrates this link. The findings propose a novel, human-centred DRL framework. The study highlights how digital tools for waste recovery can enhance environmental conditions and improve the perceived quality of urban life. The findings have direct implications for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to align digital transformation strategies with human-centric sustainability goals.

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques can help managers in their decision-making process. Marketing managers can take advantage of MCDM methods when dealing with complex criteria. The focus of this chapter is on two categories of MCDM methods. Outranking methods such as ELECTRE and PROMETHEE evaluate and rank alternatives by comparing each option against others based on multiple criteria in scenarios where subjective assessments are essential. They are used to rank competing marketing campaigns by balancing factors like cost, reach, and engagement. Distance-based MCDM methods such as TOPSIS rank alternatives by measuring their 'distance' from an ideal solution. They use geometric or statistical metrics to find the most optimal choice. These methods help marketers identify campaign strategies closest to ideal performance metrics across criteria like ROI, customer acquisition cost, and engagement rate. These MCDM approaches provide marketing managers with structured frameworks to evaluate and optimize their campaign decisions.

Automobile service workshops generate multiple waste streams, including used tires, packaging, mineral oils, paints, solvents, and e-waste. Solid waste, such as tires and batteries, is clearly identifiable and has standardized waste streams, with research following established recovery markets. In contrast, filters, hoses, belts, brake materials, glass, small electronic parts, contaminated consumables, and replaced components are small-fraction wastes that often lack dedicated recovery routes. Reports suggest many are landfilled or mixed into scrap, though direct workshop data are scarce. The study follows a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 to screen relevant literature on problematic small-fraction wastes. Scopus and Web of Science were the primary databases. Thematic analysis of 84 reports produced a list of small-fraction solid waste generated by automobile repair and maintenance workshops. The findings were synthesized using the Antecedents–Decisions–Outcomes (ADO) framework. The study maps the reported collection, reuse, recycling, recovery, remanufacturing, and disposal pathways of each component. It highlights differences in current waste-management practices. Collection and segregation are recurring barriers; regional collection hubs and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) remain little tested in workshops. Major knowledge gaps and priority areas for future research on reverse logistics have been established.

Reverse logistics (RL) is a vital strategic business function of the modern business ecosystem, focusing on promoting environmental sustainability and supporting the circular economy. This chapter explores the evolving landscape of reverse logistics through a comprehensive review of real-world case studies that organisations across various sectors use to enhance their reverse logistics operations, making them more efficient, profitable, and sustainable. The primary objective of this study is to identify and analyse various business models and strategic approaches adopted by the organisations. Using a literature review methodology, the research synthesises practical implementations of reverse logistics strategies and findings, categorising innovations in business models into closed-loop supply chains, product-service systems (PSS), Take-Back/Buy-Back Programs, and Remanufacturing and Refurbishment Models. It discusses digital-enabled reverse logistics platforms and examines strategic practices, such as collaborative partnerships, green packaging, and return forecasting. The findings reveal that firms adopting technology-driven and customer-centric reverse logistics strategies are better positioned to reduce operational costs, recover value from returned goods, and achieve sustainability goals. Additionally, integrating circular business models with supply chain functions significantly contributes to competitive advantage and waste reduction. This research is beneficial for students and scholars in supply chain management and sustainability studies, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of strategic trends in reverse logistics. It bridges the gap between academic theory and business practice by providing actionable insights for industry practitioners aiming to optimise reverse logistics operations. It also guides policymakers in designing sustainable supply chain practices regulations.