Bone fracture healing is a challenging process, due to insufficient and slow tissue repair. Sufferers from bone fractures struggle with one-third of nonunion, display graft rejection, high-costed implantation, or chronic pain. Novel advances in tissue engineering presented promising options for this strain. Biomaterials for bone repair allow accelerated regeneration, osteoblastic cell activation, and enhanced bone remodeling. There is a wide range of biomaterials that are biocompatible, bioresorbable, and biodegradable and used for bone tissue regeneration, promoting osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. The main aim of bone tissue engineering is to generate rapid and optimal functional bone regeneration through a combination of biomaterials, growth factors, cells, and various agents. Recently bone tissue engineering has been attracted to the use of bioactive glass scaffolds incorporated with polymers and patient-specific fabrication of the bone healing material by 3D bioprinting. There are promising future outcomes that were reported by several research. The present review provides an outlook for recent most common biomaterials in bone tissue engineering suggesting bone tissue engineering practices should have been proceeded to clinical application.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the applicability and airway management capacity of v-gel(r) and Cobra PLA in rabbit anaesthesia during assisted (AV) or controlled ventilation (CV).METHODS:This study was carried out in 44 adult New Zealand white rabbit. Baseline arterial pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 values were recorded. Anaesthesia was induced with 5 mg/kg xylasine and 35 mg/kg ketamine HCI combination. AV rabbits were assigned as; control (CG-AV; n=5), LMA (LMA-AV; n=5), cobra PLA (PLA-AV; n=5) and v-gel (v-gelAV; n=5). Rabbits have CV were also assigned as; ET (ET-CV; n=6), LMA (LMA-CV; n=6), cobraPLA (PLA-CV; n=6) and v-gel (v-gelCV; n=6). All measurements were repeated 1st, 5th, 15th and 30th mins during anaesthesia.RESULTS: The less insertion time, number of attempt and complications are recorded in v-gel applied rabbits compared to other apparatus. For arterial pH values significant differences are recorded in especially at 15th and 30th min between groups of CV (p<0.005 or p<0.001). All groups had similar results with each other during anaesthesia for PaCO2 except for LMA-CV group.CONCLUSION:The v-gel may be used as airway device in rabbit anaesthesia undergoing AV or CV and also can be a suitable alternative to endotracheal tubes and laryngeal mask airway.