This research investigates the two different hybrid nanofluid flows between two parallel plates placed at two different heights, $y_0$and $y_h$, respectively. Water-based hybrid nanofluids are obtained by using $A{l}_2{O}_3$, $Ti{O}_2$ and $Cu$ as nanoparticles, respectively. The upper-level plate is fixed, while the lower-level plate is stretchable. The fluid rotates along the y-axis. The governing equations of momentum, energy and concentration are transformed into partial differential equations by using similarity transformations. These transformed equations are grasped numerically at MATLAB by using the boundary value problem technique. The influence of different parameters are presented through graphs. The numerical outcomes for rotation, Nusselt, Prandtl, and Schmidt numbers are obtained in the form of tables. The heat transfer rate increases by augmentation in the thermophoresis parameter, while it decays by increasing the Reynolds number. Oxide nanoparticles hybrid nanofluid proved more efficient as compared to mixed nanoparticles hybrid nanofluid. This research suggests using oxide nanoparticles for good heat transfer.

This comparative research investigates the influence of a flexible magnetic flux and a chemical change on the freely fluid motion of a (MHD) magneto hydrodynamic boundary layer incompressible nanofluid across an exponentially expanding sheet. Water and ethanol are used for this analysis. The temperature transmission improvement of fluids is described using the Buongiorno model, which includes Brownian movement and thermophoretic distribution. The nonlinear partial differential equalities governing the boundary layer were changed to a set of standard nonlinear differential equalities utilizing certain appropriate similarity transformations. The bvp4c algorithm is then used to tackle the transformed equations numerically. Fluid motion is slowed by the magnetic field, but it is sped up by thermal and mass buoyancy forces and thermophoretic distribution increases non-dimensional fluid temperature resulting in higher temperature and thicker boundary layers. Temperature and concentration, on the other hand, have the same trend in terms of the concentration exponent, Brownian motion constraint, and chemical reaction constraint. Furthermore, The occurrence of a magnetic field, which is aided by thermal and mass buoyancies, assists in the enhancement of heat transmission and wall shear stress, whereas a smaller concentration boundary layer is produced by a first-order chemical reaction and a lower Schmidt number.

The current research aims to study the mixed convection of a hybrid-based nanofluid consisting of ethylene glycol-water, copper (II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in a vertical cone. A hybrid base blend model is used to examine the nanofluids hydrostatic and thermal behaviors over a diverse range of Reynolds numbers. The application of mixed nanoparticles rather than simple nanoparticles is one of the most imperative things in increasing the heat flow of the fluids. To test such a flow sector, for the very first time, a hybrid-based mixture model was introduced. Also, the mixture framework is a single-phase model formulation, which was used extensively for heat transfer with nanofluids. Comparison of computed values with the experimental values is presented between two models (i.e., the model of a mixture with the model of a single-phase). The natural convection within the liquid phase of phase change material is considered through the liquid fraction dependence of the thermal conductivity. The predicted results of the current model are also compared with the literature; for numerical results, the bvp4c algorithm is used to quantify the effects of nanoparticle volume fraction diffusion on the continuity, momentum, and energy equations using the viscous model for convective heat transfer in nanofluids. Expressions for velocity and temperature fields are presented. Also, the expressions for skin frictions, shear strain, and Nusselt number are obtained. The effects of involved physical parameters (e.g., Prandtl number, angular velocity ratio, buoyancy ratio, and unsteady parameter) are examined through graphs and tables.

A time-dependent convectional flow of a two-phase nanofluid over a rotating cone with the impact of heat and mass rates is elaborated in this article. The instability in the flow field is induced by the cone angular velocity that depends on the time. The Navier–Stokes self-similar solution and the energy equations are obtained numerically. Here, the achieved solution is not only for Navier–Stokes equations but also for the equations of the boundary layers. In this work, the concentration, Brownian motion, and thermal buoyancy effects have important significance. We have assumed viscous dissipation with heat-absorbing fluid. Similarity answers for spinning cones with divider temperature boundary conditions give an arrangement of nonlinear differential conditions that have been handled numerically. The MATLAB methodology BVP4C is used to resolve the reduced structure of nonlinear differential equations numerically. Observation for skin friction and Nusselt number is also taken into account. Velocity and temperature impact is depicted graphically, while the outward shear stress values and heat allocation rate are included in tables.