The accurate parameter extraction of photovoltaic (PV) module is pivotal for determining and optimizing the energy output of PV systems into electric power networks. Consequently, a Photovoltaic Single-Diode Model (PVSDM), Double Diode Model (PVDDM), and Triple- Diode Model (PVTDM) is demonstrated to consider the PV losses. This article introduces a new application of the Forensic-Based Investigation Algorithm (FBIA), which is a new meta-heuristic optimization technique, to accurately extract the electrical parameters of different PV models. The FBIA is inspired by the suspect investigation, location, and pursuit processes that are used by police officers. The FBIA has two phases, which are the investigation phase applying by the investigators team, and the pursuit phase employing by the police agents team. The validity of the FBIA for PVSDM, PVDDM, and PVTDM is commonly considered by the numerical analysis executing under diverse values of solar irradiations and temperatures. The optimal five, seven, and nine parameters of PVSDM, PVDDM, and PVTDM, respectively, are accomplished using the FBIA and compared with those manifested by various optimization techniques. The numerical results are compared for the marketable Photowatt-PWP 201 polycrystalline and Kyocera KC200GT modules. The efficacy of the FBIA for the three models is properly carried out checking its standard deviation error with that obtained from various recently proposed optimization techniques in 2020 which are Jellyfish search (JFS) optimizer, Manta Ray Foraging optimizer (MRFO), Marine Predators Algorithm(MPA), Equilibrium Optimizer (EO), Heap Based Optimizer (HBO). The standard deviations of the fitness values over 30 runs are developed to be less than $1 \times 10^{-6}$ for the three models, which make the FBIA results are extremely consistent. Therefore, FBIA is foreseen to be a competitive technique for PV module parameter extraction.

The extraction of parameters of solar photovoltaic generating systems is a difficult problem because of the complex nonlinear variables of current-voltage and power-voltage. In this article, a new implementation of the Gorilla Troops Optimization (GTO) technique for parameter extraction of several PV models is created. GTO is inspired by gorilla group activities in which numerous strategies are imitated, including migration to an unknown area, moving to other gorillas, migration in the direction of a defined site, following the silverback, and competition for adult females. With numerical analyses of the Kyocera KC200GT PV and STM6-40/36 PV modules for the Single Diode (SD) and Double-Diode (DD), the validity of GTO is illustrated. Furthermore, the developed GTO is compared with the outcomes of recent algorithms in 2020, which are Forensic-Based Investigation Optimizer, Equilibrium Optimizer, Jellyfish Search Optimizer, HEAP Optimizer, Marine Predator Algorithm, and an upgraded MPA. GTO’s efficacy and superiority are expressed by calculating the standard deviations of the fitness values, which indicates that the SD and DD models are smaller than 1E−16, and 1E−6, respectively. In addition, validation of GTO for the KC200GT module is demonstrated with diverse irradiations and temperatures where great closeness between the emulated and experimental P-V and I-V curves is achieved under various operating conditions (temperatures and irradiations).

Power system operators and planners have progressively shown an interest in maximizing distribution automation technologies. The automated distribution systems (ADS) provide the capability of efficient and reliable control which require an optimal operation strategy to control the status of the line switches and also dispatch the controllable devices. Therefore, this paper introduces an efficient and robust technique based on Jellyfish Search Algorithm (JFSA) for optimal Volt/VAr coordination in ADSs based on joint distribution system reconfiguration (DSR), distributed generation units (DGs) integration and Distribution static VAr compensators (SVCs) operation. The suggested technique is used for the dynamic operation of ADS in order to minimize losses and reduce emissions when considering regular daily loading conditions. The 33-bus and 69-bus delivery DSs have been subjected to a variety of scenarios. These situations are mostly concerned with achieving optimum distribution system operation and control, as well as validating the proposed methodology. Despite the problem’s complexity, the proposed technique based on JFSA is shown to be the best solution in all of the cases considered. Furthermore, a comparison of the proposed JFSA with other similar approaches demonstrates its usefulness as a method to be used in modern ADS control centers.

A major problem in power systems is achieving a match between the load demand and generation demand, where security, dependability, and quality are critical factors that need to be provided to power producers. This paper proposes a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller that is optimally designed using a novel artificial rabbits algorithm (ARA) for load frequency control (LFC) in multi-area power systems (MAPSs) of two-area non-reheat thermal systems. The PID controller incorporates a filter with such a derivative coefficient to reduce the effects of the accompanied noise. In this regard, single objective function is assessed based on time-domain simulation to minimize the integral time-multiplied absolute error (ITAE). The proposed ARA adjusts the PID settings to their best potential considering three dissimilar test cases with different sets of disturbances, and the results from the designed PID controller based on the ARA are compared with various published techniques, including particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), JAYA optimizer, and self-adaptive multi-population elitist (SAMPE) JAYA. The comparisons show that the PID controller’s design, which is based on the ARA, handles the load frequency regulation in MAPSs for the ITAE minimizations with significant effectiveness and success where the statistical analysis confirms its superiority. Considering the load change in area 1, the proposed ARA can acquire significant percentage improvements in the ITAE values of 1.949%, 3.455%, 2.077% and 1.949%, respectively, with regard to PSO, DE, JAYA and SAMPE-JAYA. Considering the load change in area 2, the proposed ARA can acquire significant percentage improvements in the ITAE values of 7.587%, 8.038%, 3.322% and 2.066%, respectively, with regard to PSO, DE, JAYA and SAMPE-JAYA. Considering simultaneous load changes in areas 1 and 2, the proposed ARA can acquire significant improvements in the ITAE values of 60.89%, 38.13%, 55.29% and 17.97%, respectively, with regard to PSO, DE, JAYA and SAMPE-JAYA.