The seed yield of 28 bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lines from different crosses and two check cultivars was evaluated under rainfed conditions in two sites in North-Central Mexico. The aim was to identify high-yielding lines with low genotype–environment interactions (GEIs). Trials were conducted under a 6 × 5 square lattice design with four replicates; due to the lack of rainfall in Zacatecas, the trial was helped with supplemental irrigation. Data were analyzed by location and combined to determine the effects of GEIs using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) model. The combined analysis showed that 75.45% of the yield variation among lines was due to the effect of the environment, 11.75% was due to genotypes, and 12.79% was due to GEIs. Lines 5 and 10 displayed the highest yield, which slightly surpassed the checks (2.1 and 0.11%, respectively) and showed greater stability than those in the test environments. The AMMI analysis allowed for the selection of stable and high-yielding lines under drought conditions. Data on the weight and yield per hectare of a hundred seeds between and within locations identified lines 5, 10, and 16 as outstanding and capable of being used as a parent in a future hybridization program or as a new cultivar with drought tolerance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has intensified the need for antibacterial agents with alternative chemical scaffolds and mechanisms of action. Plant-derived antibacterial compounds represent a chemically diverse source of bioactive molecules, but their therapeutic potential depends not only on in vitro potency but also on mechanistic validation, pharmacokinetic exposure, pharmacodynamic relationships, and biological safety. This review critically examines evidence published from 2014 to 2026 on major classes of plant-derived antibacterial compounds, emphasizing bacterial susceptibility, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and safety. Reported antibacterial effects include alterations in the cell envelope and membrane, disruption of energy metabolism, inhibition of protein synthesis and nucleic acid-associated targets, efflux and resistance modulation, and interference with quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and virulence. However, mechanistic evidence varies substantially among studies. Pharmacokinetic data reveal marked heterogeneity in absorption, bioavailability, tissue distribution, metabolism, protein binding, and elimination, while quantitative integration of antibacterial potency with active exposure and PK/PD remains limited. Cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity studies further indicate that selectivity and tolerability are compound-, formulation-, dose-, and model-dependent. Overall, therapeutic translation requires integration of chemically defined antibacterial activity, validated mechanisms, infection-site exposure, PK/PD, host–cell selectivity, systemic safety, and efficacy in relevant infection models.

The objective of this study was to typify and characterize the socioeconomic and technological profiles of beekeepers in north-central Mexico to identify major constraints and opportunities for the development of beekeeping production. A total of 375 beekeepers from seven states (Jalisco, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Estado de México, Durango, and Aguascalientes) were surveyed. Sociodemographic characteristics, operation size and production, zootechnical and health management practices, and perceived constraints were evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis to identify beekeeper types; inter-group comparisons were performed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. Three groups of beekeepers were identified: low-technology younger (49.6% of the sample), high-technology younger (38.9%), and high-technology older (11.5%) beekeepers. The resulting typology reflected differences in age, experience and training, health management and feed supplementation, operation size, and hive migration. The groups also differed in product diversification and selected management practices, whereas no significant differences were observed in honey yield or number of colonies. Based on the characteristics and constraints identified, the findings support differentiated strategies combining technical training, product diversification, organizational strengthening, and climate adaptation and mitigation measures to enhance the productive capacity, development, and sustainability of beekeeping in the region.

The abundant rainfall and rugged topography characteristic of southern Zacatecas promoted soil leaching. This differentiation in soil physicochemical properties, driven by leaching, results in higher-altitude areas having soils with high sand and aluminum (Al³⁺) content. The influence of altitude and soil units on acidity levels and the quantity of amendments required for the study region (the municipality of Momax) was determined. Samples were collected from sixty-one agricultural sites, based on pH data reported by INEGI in 1979 and variance estimated from an interpolated map. Principal component analysis was used to divide the samples into four contrasting groups. Group 4 exhibited the highest values for clay, organic matter, exchangeable cations, and cation exchange capacity (p < 0.05). Group 1 and 2 served as a transition zone; Group 3 showed the lowest pH values (mean of 4.7) (p < 0.05) and the highest levels of sand (65.5%), aluminum (0.83 cmol kg-1), and hydrogen (0.09 cmol kg⁻¹) (p < 0.05). Given that 80% of the study area contains exchangeable aluminum, it is necessary to implement a future technological intervention plan, incorporating this study’s recommendations, as well as, the possibility of reducing cost by applying less CO₃ amendment rates within a range from 0 to 1.76 t ha⁻¹.

During the dry season in semi-arid regions, pastures become scarce and low in nutritional quality. These conditions compromise the digestive physiology and ruminal health of sheep. Consequently, consuming forages high in fibre and deficient in nitrogen leads to reduced digestive efficiency. Evaluating unconventional local resources, such as the pods of Neltuma spp., is essential for determining their ability to optimise fermentation kinetics without disrupting the ruminal ecosystem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing commercial feed with increasing levels of Neltuma spp. pods (20%, 40%, and 60%) collected from three geographic regions of Zacatecas, Mexico, on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics, microbial activity parameters, and digestive health indicators, measured in sheep ruminal fluid. Samples of Neltuma spp. pods were collected from three regions of the state of Zacatecas, and mixtures were prepared using commercial feed and ground Neltuma spp. pods in ratios of 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60, which were subjected to bromatological analysis; a ruminal fluid inoculum obtained from Dorper sheep adapted to a diet based on commercial feed was used for in vitro fermentation. Gas pressure, ammoniacal nitrogen concentration, and pH were monitored every 6 h during a 48 h incubation period. Principal component analysis, analysis of variance, and Tukey’s tests for comparing means were conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion level and region of origin. The first two principal components explained 99.08% of the total variability, demonstrating a correlation between the content of fibrous fractions and the proportion of non-fibrous carbohydrates. In vitro ruminal fermentation showed an upward trend across all treatments over time; mixtures with a moderate pod inclusion level of 20% achieved the highest gas production volumes. Ammoniacal nitrogen profiles showed a progressive increase across all treatments. The fermentation pH decreased gradually as the carbohydrate degradation process progressed. It is concluded that the inclusion of 20% and 40% Neltuma spp. pods, particularly those from the central region, represents a viable nutritional strategy for improving energy and protein intake in sheep during the dry season.

Objective. Determine cell viability, Hsp70 protein expression, degradation of genetic material and cell death by apoptosis in Katahdin, Dorper ovine and human leukocytes irradiated in vitro with UVA radiation. Material and methods. Leukocytes, which were exposed in vitro to UVA radiation, were used to evaluate cell viability, DNA fragmentation, Hsp70 protein expression and morphological alterations related to apoptosis of each model. Results. A drop in the viability of leukocytes exposed to UVA radiation was found, with ovine being the most affected. An increase in the expression of Hsp70 was observed in human, Katahdin and Dorper leukocytes. A progressive increase in DNA fragmentation was found, as well as an increase in morphological alterations related to apoptosis as the time of exposure to UVA radiation increased, with the Dorper model being the most affected. Conclusions. UVA radiation generates stress in ovine and human leukocytes, observing that humans leukocytes are more resistant, while ovines are more susceptible, mainly the Dorper genotype.