Body dissatisfaction implies appreciatory body judgments that are different from real characteristics of individuals’ body. One of the most important method to control weight and body shape is to be involved in eating risk behaviours, which includes a great amount of negative and damaging behaviours for the individual. Both factors (body dissatisfaction and eating risk behaviours) constitute key elements in the beginning and development of Eating Disorders (ED). The aim of the present study was to analyse differences in some psychological variables attending to body dissatisfaction and eating risk behaviours informed by a sample of university adults. Using Garner's Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) results point out a higher risk of ED (drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and bulimia) in those individuals with body dissatisfaction, and also higher scores of low self-esteem, personal alienation, interpersonal insecurity, interoceptive deficits, emotional dysregulation, asceticism and maturity fears. Attending to eating risk behaviours, individuals who informed more risk behaviours showed more risk of ED, low self-esteem, interoceptive deficits, emotional dysregulation, perfectionism and asceticism.ResumenLa insatisfacción corporal supone la presencia de juicios valorativos sobre el cuerpo que usualmente no coinciden con las características reales del individuo. Uno de los principales métodos para el control del peso y de la figura corporal suele ser la realización de conductas alimentarias de riesgo, una amplia variedad de comportamientos negativos y perjudiciales para el individuo. Ambos constituyen factores clave en el origen y desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). El objetivo del estudio es analizar las diferencias en una serie de variables psicológicas vinculadas con los TCA respecto a la satisfacción o insatisfacción corporal y las conductas de riesgo adoptadas en una muestra de adultos universitarios. Mediante la aplicación del Inventario de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (EDI-3) de Garner, los resultados indican un mayor riesgo de TCA (obsesión por la delgadez, bulimia, insatisfacción corporal) de los sujetos con insatisfacción corporal, y mayores puntuaciones en baja autoestima, alienación personal, inseguridad interpersonal, déficits introceptivos, desajuste emocional, ascetismo y miedo a la madurez. Respecto a las conductas de riesgo, los individuos que presentan mayor número de conductas de riesgo muestran igualmente mayor riesgo de TCA, baja autoestima, déficits introceptivos, desajuste emocional, perfeccionismo y ascetismo

The burnout syndrome is a negative experience for athlete development and it has been demonstrated that it gets worse when a sport is practiced in an obsessive way. Interventions with a positive view towards sports could be a protective factor to boost the athlete’s wellbeing. The aim of the present study was to analyse the mediator effect from social support, the relationship between the burnout, positivity and passion in young Mexican athletes. The sample was composed by 452 Mexican athletes, males and females (women 45%), from 12 to 18 years of age (M = 16.29, SD = 1.66). Participants answered the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, The Scale of the Social Support Perceived by Athletes, the Passion Scale and the Positivity Scale. The results of structural equation modeling showed a good adjustment model (χ² = 889.213; df = 274; χ²/df = 3.245; p ˂ 0.01; CFI = 0.93; TLI = 0.91; IFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.07). The harmonious passion presented direct and indirect effects on the burnout, being the perceived social support the mediator variable of the indirect effect. The positivity resulted positive predictor from the social support (β = 0.714, p ˂ 0.001) and social support predicted the burnout (β = −0.270, p ˂ 0.005). The obsessive passion had a direct effect over burnout (β = 0.627, p ˂ 0.001). Developing negative commitments to sports could be an indicator of a greater risk of experiencing individual conflicts that lead to sports burnout.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has paralysed whole countries, which have had to confine their entire population and this changed people’s lives worldwide. The aim of this study is to identify the reasons for and the level of commitment to physical activity among the Spanish population during confinement and the return to the “new normal”. A sample of 1025 amateurs, 534 males and 491 females with an average age of 35 years old were interviewed using an online survey that collected their motives for practising sport and their commitment to physical activity. A cluster analysis combining hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods was performed, identifying three groups of amateurs: High Commitment (n = 650), Moderate Commitment (n = 324), and Low Commitment (n = 81). The main motives shown by the different groups were psychological motives related to an improved or managed general or emotional well-being. Regarding commitment, all the groups showed higher scores in enthusiasm for physical activity than affliction from sport. The variables referring to gender, educational level and sports habits showed differences that enabled the identification of the different groups. These findings highlight the importance of conducting segmentation studies that provide specific population profiles to improve the action strategies of governments and specialists.

There is a close link between moral education and sports activities. A well-organized sport can be an excellent means of transferring positive values to children and adolescents, which can influence motivation and group processes. This study aimed to analyse (a) the relationships between social, personal and individualistic values, motivational orientation and team cohesion amongst young soccer players and (b) compare differences in these variables between players competing in different age categories. Our participant sample comprised 401 male soccer players of Spanish teams (mean age = 14.64 years) competing in official competitive leagues, of five age categories, Under-10 years to Under-19. All participants responded to three instruments: the Values Scale for Positive Adolescent Development, the Perception of Success Questionnaire and the Group Environment Questionnaire. Correlation and regression, and analysis of differences between categories were performed. The results confirm that personal values are mainly related to task orientation, and individualistic values to ego orientation. The values of responsibility, integrity and honesty were the best predictors of task orientation, and social recognition and hedonism predict ego orientation. Honesty and responsibility were the main predictors of both task and social cohesion. Younger players showed a higher level of social values, task orientation and social cohesion, while older players show higher individualistic values and ego orientation. Implications for research or practice are discussed.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the paralysis of the worldwide economy caused by the population’s lockdown to stop the virus spreading, making it difficult to do exercise. The aim of this study is to analyse the commitment to and feeling of insecurity related to practising sport, sports habits and the profile of the Spanish population during lockdown according to the level of addiction to exercise. The sample consisted of 1019 subjects with a mean age of 35 years old. The variables analysed were exercise addiction, commitment to and feeling of insecurity related to sport, and sport habits. Three groups were identified according to their addiction level to exercise: asymptomatic (n = 202), symptomatic (n = 756), and at risk of addiction (n = 61). The main results indicated that a higher addiction level was associated with a higher number of days and time spent on exercise per week. Six percent of the subjects were at addiction risk, and they had a lower feeling of insecurity towards sport. These findings provide information to governments on the need to promote physical activity programmes at home to promote adequate fitness and mental wellbeing in the population.