Protein kinase C (PKC) is a diverse enzyme family crucial for cell signalling in various organs. Its dysregulation is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological problems. In the brain, PKC plays pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and neuronal survival. Specifically, PKC’s involvement in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis is of significant interest. The dysregulation of PKC signalling has been linked to neurological disorders, including AD. This review elucidates PKC’s pivotal role in neurological health, particularly its implications in AD pathogenesis and chronic alcohol addiction. AD, characterised by neurodegeneration, implicates PKC dysregulation in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Conversely, chronic alcohol consumption elicits neural adaptations intertwined with PKC signalling, exacerbating addictive behaviours. By unravelling PKC’s involvement in these afflictions, potential therapeutic avenues emerge, offering promise for ameliorating their debilitating effects. This review navigates the complex interplay between PKC, AD pathology, and alcohol addiction, illuminating pathways for future neurotherapeutic interventions.

Due to genetic changes in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences, cancer continues to be the second most prevalent cause of death. The traditional target-directed approach, which is confronted with the importance of target function in healthy cells, is one of the most significant challenges in anticancer research. Another problem with cancer cells is that they experience various mutations, changes in gene duplication, and chromosomal abnormalities, all of which have a direct influence on the potency of anticancer drugs at different developmental stages. All of these factors combine to make cancer medication development difficult, with low clinical licensure success rates when compared to other therapy categories. The current review focuses on the pathophysiology and molecular aspects of common cancer types. Currently, the available chemotherapeutic drugs, also known as combination chemotherapy, are associated with numerous adverse effects, resulting in the search for herbal-based alternatives that attenuate resistance due to cancer therapy and exert chemo-protective actions. To provide new insights, this review updated the list of key compounds that may enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment.

Since the beginning of time, nature has provided medicines for treating fatal illnesses. Herbalists believe that certain plants have medicinal qualities. In tribal and rural communities, medicinal plants provide as an easily accessible source of treatment. The identification of various rejuvenating molecules that can halt or lessen the pathology of a variety of diseases will be regarded as a significant development of the present. There has been a scientific advancement in this area, and current studies on herbal medicines and traditional cures have attracted significant interest from all over the world. This plant, popularly known as the curry tree, is frequently used as herb and is also used to treat a variety of problems in traditional Indian medicine. About 80–85% of people worldwide rely on herbal products because they are thought to be efficient, secure, and cost-effective. Reviewing the plant taxonomy, ethnobotanical characteristics, folkloric or traditional uses, phytochemical, and pharmacological qualities of the Murraya koenigii plant was the goal of the current study. The leaves are used internally for dysentery as a carminative, tonic, stomachic, and inducer of vomiting. The usage of other parts includes treating piles, preventing helminthiasis, and reducing body heat, itchiness, and inflammation. Following several reports that this plant may treat a wide range of illnesses, scientists have worked to confirm the effectiveness of this plant by biological screening. A review of the literature suggests that Murraya koenigii has various medical benefits, including activity of antimicrobial, cardiac, antioxidative, antidiabetic and cholesterol reduction, cytotoxic action, antiulcer, and antidiarrhea.

This chapter explores the impact of AI on professional development, education, and the pharmacy industry. AI systems enable creative language use without a computer, transforming traditional tutoring centers into iterative learning processes. AI tools also develop skills to new accessibility standards and cater to individual learner needs. In medicine and pharmaceutical industries, AI provides tailored learning paths, content delivery, and feedback through computer simulations. It also offers technology solutions for soft skills training, such as communication and leadership. However, the chapter addresses ethical questions and challenges, such as data privacy, de-biasing AI algorithms, and closing digital divides. The chapter provides insights for educators, healthcare workers, and technology practitioners on how to maximize AI's potential for comprehensive learning and skill development. The chapter aims to re-assess the potential of AI in the skills business for integration.

Tablets are used as formulation and are prepared by using plant extracts i.e., Carica papaya and Embelica officinalis. These tablets were prepared by using wet granulation method. In this article the extract of leaves of Carica papaya and fruits of Embelica officinalis were used for making herbal tablets. Extracts of leaves of Carica papaya was obtained by cold extraction and through maceration method and the extract of fruits of Embelica officinalis was obtained by maceration process. Both extracts were dried and mixed. These extracts were then impregnated with the excipients like diluents, binding agents, super disintegrating agent, lubricants, etc. to make granules. These granules were then evaluated by using various parameters like Angle of repose, tapped density, bulk density, Carr’s Index, Hausner’s Ratio and void volume. These granules were then used for the making of tablets of desired size and shape by punching in the machine. After preparation of the tablets their evaluation parameters were studied like physical appearance, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, hardness test and thickness. Also the parameters for the acceptance of the tablets is also done like flavor and sweetness. Recent studies have shown that herbal extract of leaves of papaya has beneficial effect as an anti-inflammatory agent, for its wound healing properties, anti-tumor as well as Immunomodulatory effects and as an antioxidant. Amla fruit is a rich natural source of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and contains 600-750 mg/100 g of the fresh pulp. Also it is rich in minerals matters like phosphorus, iron and calcium. Amla is used as an Immunomodulatory agent and hence enhance the immunity of the patient. Aim of the study is to design develop and optimize the dosage form to cure dengue and is based on the use of natural plant ingredients to intermingle with chemical as well as synthetic ingredients to develop an effective unit dosage forms for better patient compliance. KEYWORDS: Papaya, Amla, Extracts, Herbal tablet, Dengue, Immunomodulatory, Platelets.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Recent findings suggest that long-term and heavy alcohol consumption can aggravate several pathological processes associated with AD, whereas the impact of light or moderate consumption remains uncertain. Excessive alcohol exposure impairs the structure and function of key brain regions involved in cognition, particularly the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, cerebellum, Basolateral amygdala (BLA), and hypothalamus. Several studies indicate that chronic alcohol consumption affects the brain by multiple mechanisms like increased oxidative stress, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, microtubule instability, tau hyperphosphorylation, and modified amyloid-β turnover. Disruption of cholinergic transmission further contributes to memory deficits and neuronal susceptibility. These alcohol-related alterations closely resemble core features of AD pathology and may accelerate disease progression. Although some epidemiological studies report the potential benefits of low alcohol intake, their interpretation is limited by inconsistent definitions of drinking patterns and the influence of confounding variables. Overall, current evidence supports a dose-dependent relationship in which alcoholism increases vulnerability to AD-related neurodegeneration. Reducing harmful alcohol use may therefore represent a practical approach to lowering long-term dementia risk. This review summarizes the current mechanisms of alcohol induced neuronal damage across different brain regions. Prolonged alcohol consumption accelerates cerebral aging by enhancing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, disrupting tau protein degradations, and other neuronal damages that intersect with the pathogenesis of AD.