The use of autonomous vehicle/robot has been adopted widely to replace human beings in performing dangerous missions in adverse environments. Keeping this in mind, path planning ensures that the autonomous vehicle must safely arrive to its destination with required criteria like lower computation time, shortest travelled path and completeness. There are few kinds of path planning strategies, such as combinatorial method, sampling based method and bio-inspired method. Among them, combinatorial method can accomplish couple of criteria without further adjustment in conventional algorithm. Configuration space provides detailed information about the position of all points in the system and it is the space for all configurations. Therefore, C-space denotes the actual free space zone for the movement of robot and guarantees that the vehicle or robot must not collide with the obstacle. This paper analyses different C-Space representation techniques under combinatorial method based on the past researches and their findings with different criteria such as optimality, completeness, safety, memory uses, real time and computational time etc. Visibility Graph has optimality which is a unique from other

Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) has attracted attention in recent years in conducting missions for longer time with higher levels of autonomy. For the enhanced autonomous characteristic of UAV, path planning is one of the crucial issues. Current researches on the graph search algorithms under combinatorial method are mainly reviewed in this paper by keeping focus on the comprehensive surveys of its properties for path planning. The outcome is a pen picture of their assumptions and drawbacks.

In this paper presents a compact square ring patch antenna with miniaturized AMC structure at 5.8 GHz for WBAN applications. To minimize detuning, keeping its radiation efficiency high and acceptable gain while keeping the SAR levels low for safety is a challenging task. One of the critical issues in WBAN antenna design is the size of the antenna for portable devices, because the size affects the gain and bandwidth. The AMC configuration decreases the back radiation and the effect frequency detuning results from the high loss in the human body. Furthermore, the AMC also increases the front-to-back ratio (FBR) of 15.3 dB. The proposed antenna has dimensions of 15.27×15.27×2.2 mm3 and provides a 404 MHz impedance bandwidth, with a gain improvement of 8.69 dBi and a 93.7% reduction of the initial SAR value. For this reason, the antenna is suitable for WBAN application in various fields, particularly in medical technology.

This paper aims to review the previously developed Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems for mammogram screening because increasing death rate in women due to breast cancer is a global medical issue and it can be controlled only by early detection with regular screening. Till now mammography is the widely used breast imaging modality. CAD systems have been adopted by the radiologists to increase the accuracy of the breast cancer diagnosis by avoiding human errors and experience related issues. This study reveals that in spite of the higher accuracy obtained by the earlier proposed CAD systems for breast cancer diagnosis, they are not fully automated. Moreover, the false-positive mammogram screening cases are high in number and over-diagnosis of breast cancer exposes a patient towards harmful overtreatment for which a huge amount of money is being wasted. In addition, it is also reported that the mammogram screening result with and without CAD systems does not have noticeable difference, whereas the undetected cancer cases by CAD system are increasing. Thus, future research is required to improve the performance of CAD system for mammogram screening and make it completely automated.