This bibliographic analysis explores the evolving landscape of additive manufacturing (AM) in the context of Industry 4.0 and the emerging paradigms of Industry 5.0. This research critically examines the key literature and scholarly works to clarify the evolution, challenges, and opportunities presented by integrating AM technologies with digital transformation and advanced industrial practices. The exploration begins by tracing the foundational concepts of Industry 4.0, emphasizing the role of cyber–physical systems, data analytics, and automation in reshaping manufacturing ecosystems. It then moves to the developments of Industry 5.0, focusing on human-centric approaches, collaborative robotics, and sustainable manufacturing strategies that extend beyond automation. The impact of AM technologies across various sectors, from aerospace and automotive industries to healthcare and consumer goods, is central to this analysis. This article synthesizes empirical studies, case analyses, and theoretical frameworks to discern the synergies, challenges, and prospects of integrating AM into Industry 4.0 and the evolving Industry 5.0. Through this bibliographic journey, readers gain insights into the transformative potential of AM as a catalyst for innovation, agility, and sustainability in the digital age. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary collaborations, policy frameworks, and technological advancements to harness AM’s full potential within Industry 4.0 and 5.0.

Lightning protection system elements need to be selected from materials which are resistant to corrosion and should be protected from fast degradation. However, over the time corrosion will take place in the presence of galvanically dissimilar metals in the same electrolyte (moisture). Historically, copper, aluminium and copper alloys (including bronze and brass) have been used in lightning protection applications as these materials are highly conductive and abundantly available. Corrosive effects on system components are influenced by the environmental factors such as moisture, soil type and temperature that make the corrosion process highly complex in soil. As per many standards on the installation of lightning protection systems, combinations of materials that naturally form electrolytic couples shall not be used, for example copper and steel, especially in the presence of moisture, in which corrosion will be accelerated. Similarly, the conditions within soil will have adverse effects on the ground system elements. Down conductors entering corrosive soil must be protected against corrosion by a protective covering. The paper presents the causes of corrosion and recent developments in minimising the corrosion associated with lightning protection and grounding systems

Difficult-to-machine materials are metals that have great toughness, high work-hardening, and low thermal conductivity. Friction drilling of difficult-to-machine materials is a technically challenging task due to the difficulty of friction drilling, leading to excessive tool wear, which adversely affects surface integrity and product performance. In the present study, the microstructural changes of workpieces and tool wear for friction drilling of AISI304, Ti-6Al-4V, and Inconel718 are characterized. It helps to have an in-depth understanding of heat generation mechanics by friction and the mechanism of the friction drilling process. The study contributes to providing an enhanced microstructural characterization of workpiece and tool conditions, which identifies the material behavior and shows how it affects the bushing formation quality and drilling tool performance. The results reveal that the abrasive wear is mostly observed in the conical region of the tool, which has maximum contact with hole-wall. Moreover, the low thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V increases frictional heat generation severely, and reduces product quality and tool life subsequently.