Utilization of plant resources for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections is one of the appealing approaches as rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is occurring throughout the world. Ethanol extract and its fractions from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis red flower were assessed for antibacterial and urease inhibitory activities towards forty-three clinical strains and two reference strains of H. pylori. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most potent bacteriostatic activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.2-0.25 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 1.25-1.5 mg/mL against all test strains, including forty-three strains resistant to one to four antibiotics, azithromycin (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL), erythromycin (MICs, 8-128 µg/mL), levofloxacin (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL), and/or metronidazole (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL). The fraction had similar antibacterial activities toward these test strains suggesting the preparation and the antibiotics do not have a common mechanism of anti-H. pylori activity. The fraction also had stronger effects on biofilm formation, morphological conversion, and urease activity of H. pylori than the other fractions and the ethanol extract. These flower preparations were non-toxic to three human cell lines, and nine compounds were also isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction. In vivo research needs to be conducted to confirm the potential usefulness of H. rosa-sinensis flower and its constituents for effective prevention and treatment of H. pylori disease.

Six solvent fractions isolated from flower bud and leaf ethanolic extracts of Cleistocalyx operculatus were analyzed for their phytochemical contents, including phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. Antioxidant activities were measured using the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The results showed that the flower bud aqueous fraction (BAF) and the leaf aqueous fraction (LAF) rich in phenolic content (768.18 and 490.74 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively) exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than the other fractions. The flower bud hexane fraction (BHF) had remarkably high flavonoid and saponin contents (134.77 mg QE/g and 153.33 mg OA/g dry extract, respectively), followed by that of the leaf hexane fraction (LHF) (76.54 mg QE/g and 88.25 mg OA/g dry extract, respectively). The BHF and LHF were found to have extremely high antibacterial activity against two H. pylori strains, ATCC 51932 and 43504 (MICs of 125 µg/mL). Interestingly, DMC (2′,4′-Dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone) isolated from the BHF displayed greater antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains (MICs of 25–50 µg/mL) than those of the fractions. In addition, DMC presented potent inhibitory effects on H. pylori urease (IC₅₀ of 3.2 µg/mL) and α-amylase (IC₅₀ of 83.80 µg/mL), but no inhibition against α-glucosidase. It was also demonstrated that DMC showed pronounced inhibitory effects on the urease activity and biofilm formation of H. pylori, and could increase the membrane permeability of the bacterial cells. Scanning electron micrographs depicted that the BHF and DMC had strong effects on the cell shape and significantly induced the distortion and damage of the cell membrane. The fractions and DMC showed no significant toxicity to four tested human cell lines. Efforts to reduce antibiotic use indicate the need for further studies of the flower buds and DMC as potential products to prevent or treat gastric H. pylori infections.

Six solvent fractions isolated from flower bud and leaf ethanolic extracts of Cleistocalyx operculatus were analyzed for their phytochemical contents including phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. Antioxidant activities were measured using the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The results showed that flower bud aqueous fraction (BAF) and leaf aqueous fraction (LAF) rich in phenolic content (768.18 and 490.74 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively) exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than other fractions. Flower bud hexane fraction (BHF) had remarkably high flavonoid and saponin contents (134.77 mg QE/g and 153.33 mg OA/g dry extract, respectively), followed by that of leaf hexane fraction (LHF) (76.54 mg QE/g and 88.25 mg OA/g dry extract, respectively). BHF and LHF were found to have extremely high antibacterial activity against two H. pylori strains ATCC 51932 and 43504 (MICs of 125 µg/ml). Interestingly, DMC (2’,4’-Dihydroxy-6’-methoxy-3’,5’-dimethylchalcone) isolated from BHF displayed greater antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains (MICs of 25–50 µg/ml) than those of the fractions. In addition, DMC presented potent inhibitory effects on H. pylori-urease (IC50 of 3.2 µg/ml) and α-amylase (IC50 of 83.80 µg/ml), but no inhibition against α-glucosidase. It was also demonstrated that DMC showed its pronounced inhibitory effects on urease activity and biofilm formation of H. pylori, and could increase the membrane permeability of the bacterial cells. Scanning electron micrographs depict that BHF and DMC had strong effects on the cell shape and significantly induced distortion and damage of the cell membrane. The fractions and DMC showed no significant toxicity to four tested human cell lines. Efforts to reduce antibiotic use indicate the need for further researches of the flower buds and DMC as potential products to prevent or treat gastric H. pylori infections.

Liquid vermicompost fertilizer (LVF) represents a valuable organic resource in the promotion of sustainable crop production. This study assessed how LVF at four different dilution rates (0, 0.5:1000, 1:1000, and 1.5:1000, v/v) impacted the growth, yield, and quality parameters of Thai basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in greenhouse conditions. The study was carried out from September 2023 to January 2024 at Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam. Measurements and statistical analyses were conducted on growth and yield traits, which included plant height, leaf area (LA), leaf number, and fresh biomass. Additionally, quality parameters such as total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were also assessed. The application of LVF had a notable impact on all of the assessed parameters (p < 0.05). The highest LVF rate (1.5:1000) led to the most substantial increases in plant height, LA, leaf number, and fresh weight, while also significantly boosting phenolic and flavonoid content in comparison to the control. The antioxidant activity demonstrated a distinct upward trend as the concentration of LVF was increased.

Velvet bean ( Mucuna pruriens L.), a leguminous plant widely recognised in traditional medicine, has garnered increasing scientific interest due to its diverse pharmacological potential, particularly in relation to its alkaloid‐rich seed composition. This study aimed to investigate the total alkaloid content, phytochemical composition and anti‐inflammatory activity of the methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds and its solvent‐partitioned fractions ( n ‐hexane, ethyl acetate, n ‐butanol and aqueous). Quantitative analysis revealed that the aqueous and n ‐hexane fractions contained notably higher alkaloid levels compared to the other extracts. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified 36 bioactive compounds spanning multiple chemical classes such as alkanes, esters, acids, silanes and amides. Predominant compounds in the methanol extract included 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)‐methyl ester (44.87%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (27.33%) and cis ‐13‐octadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.16%). Notably, the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions demonstrated potent anti‐inflammatory effects, with IC ₅₀ values of 69.32 and 83.06 μ g/mL, respectively. The presence of decarine, an isoquinoline alkaloid with known anticancer and anti‐inflammatory properties, further underscores the pharmacological value of this species. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise of white velvet bean seeds and provide a biochemical foundation for future pharmaceutical applications.