To investigate the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on maternal and newborn microbiomes and fetal growth.Individuals who gained body weight in accordance with the recommendations during pregnancy an...

Obezite, dünya genelinde “salgın” statüsüne ulaşan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmektedir. Gebelerde oluşan obezite durumu ise preeklampsi ve gestasyonel diyabet riski ile ilişkilendirilmekte ve yetişkin yaşamda insüline bağımlı olmayan diyabet ve metabolik sendrom riskini artırdığına dikkat çekilmektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyomu, bireyin metabolizmasının ve genel sağlığının kritik bir bileşenidir. Maternal obezite ve gebelik sürecinde de vücut ağırlığı artışı, gebelik ve laktasyon döneminde bağırsak ve anne sütü mikrobiyota kompozisyonunu, çeşitliliğini etkilemektedir. Perinatal dönemde, gebelik ilerledikçe inflamatuar ve bağışıklık değişiklikleri ile annenin bağırsak fonksiyonu ve bakteri kompozisyonunu değişmektedir. Obez gebeliklerde intestinal disbiyozis geliştiği bildirilmiştir. Gelişen intestinal disbiyozisin kolonositler için enerji kaynağı olan kısa zincirli yağ asidi üretimini etkileyerek, anne karnındaki bebeğin gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek metabolik değişimlere neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca bu tür mikrobiyal değişiklikler, bebek mikrobiyal kolonizasyonunu ve bağışıklık sistemi olgunlaşmasını da etkileyerek doğum ve emzirme sırasında bebeklere aktarılabilmektedir. Perinatal ve erken postnatal dönemde probiyotik destekleri anne ve bebek intestinal mikrobiyota kompozisyonunun düzenlenmesi için önerilebilmektedir.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational weight gain on total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), dietary antioxidant intake, and the gut microbiome. The study was carried out on 40 pregnant women divided as follows: a) normal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain of 11.5−16.0 kg (n=10), b) normal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain of >16.0 kg (n=10), c) obese before pregnancy and gestational weight gain of 5−9 kg (n=10), and d) obese before pregnancy and gestational weight gain of >9.0 kg (n=10). Serum TOS and TAC levels, dietary antioxidant intake, and microbiome diversity of the gut microbiome were evaluated during the third trimester of pregnancy. A positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) in the third trimester and serum TOS levels and OSI. In women with normal prepregnancy weights, an increase in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla was observed when gestational weight gain was above the recommended values (p<0.05). In women who were obese before pregnancy, an increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum only was observed when gestational weight gain was above the recommended values (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and OSI, and a negative correlation was found between Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and dietary antioxidant intake (p<0.05). Prepregnancy body weight, high serum oxidative stress level, and dietary antioxidant intake are determinant factors for microbial diversity, with increased serum TOS levels caused by increased gestational weight gain.

Background: Healthcare professionals play a key role in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of inborn metabolic diseases. However, the level of inborn metabolic disease knowledge of prospective healthcare professional students in our country has not yet been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge of healthcare professional candidate students about inborn metabolic diseases.Methods: The knowledge levels of 761 students enrolled in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Child Development, Midwifery, Occupational Therapy, Audiology, Health Management and Social Work at Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences University, were evaluated through a questionnaire using a face-to-face interview technique. Correct answers to the questions measuring the level of knowledge were scored as “1”, and incorrect answers were scored as “0”.Results: The mean knowledge-level score of the individuals was 14.23 ± 4.56. A total of 56.0% of individuals had heard about inborn metabolic diseases before, 37.8% had heard of rare disease organizations/platforms before, and 16.8% had encountered an awareness campaign about inborn metabolic diseases. The level of exposure to awareness-raising campaigns, department of education, and grade level were shown to be factors affecting knowledge levels.Conclusion: It is necessary to improve the awareness and knowledge levels of health professional candidates involved in the treatment of inborn metabolic diseases. Education curricula in health sciences faculties should be evaluated with this aspect.

Objectives: The aims of this study are to make the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale that explain why caffeine intake. Additionally, it is crucial to highlight that the adaptation of the scale involved a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate its structure and the need for this adaptation in the Turkish context. Materials and methods: The study was carried out with a total of 200 university students, comprised of 93.5% female and 6.5% male participants, with a mean age of 21.74 ± 6.15 years who were actively studying in the faculties of the universities who accepted to participate voluntarily in the study were included. The Turkish version of the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ) scale and the MCCQ was used as the data collection tools. To evaluate the statistical analysis findings, the margin of error was taken as 5%. The entire application was carried out with the R-project software. CFA was used to test the adaptation of the MCCQ scale from English to Turkish. Results: The alpha internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was calculated as 0.959. Just like the original scale, the Turkish version shows a six-factor structure: habit, alertness, mood, social, taste, and symptom management. In MCCQ-TR, it showed a low level of positive correlation with Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). For the final scale with 23 items and 6 sub-dimensions, it was determined that the fit indices were at an acceptable level, and the internal consistency was highly reliable for all sub-dimensions and the total scale. Conclusions: It has been determined that the Turkish version of the MCCQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool to operationalize the motives of caffeine consumption and to reveal possible differences in the motives regarding gender, age, and the type of caffeinated products consumed. The use of CFA in adapting the scale ensures the robustness of the structural validity in the Turkish context, making this adaptation a valuable contribution to the field.

Background: It is suggested that pregnancy risks may be related to microbial dysbiosis, and it is known that knowledge on this subject is reflected in behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether microbiota awareness in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with pregnancy-related risks.Methods: Within the scope of the study, the microbiota awareness scale was administered to 426 individuals in the first trimester of pregnancy, and information on any diagnosis related to high-risk pregnancy, gestational age, birth weight, and birth height of the newborn was obtained from their file records.Results: The mean total microbiota awareness score of individuals was 61.38 ± 11.00 (26.00–91.00). The microbiota awareness score (56.85 ± 11.65) was found to be lower in individuals diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy (p < 0.05) than in healthy subjects (63.64 ± 9.94). Moreover, in individuals with high-risk pregnancies, a positive correlation was found between the microbiota awareness score and newborn birth weight and height (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The poor microbiota awareness level in pregnant women is associated with high-risk pregnancy and neonatal growth status.