The idea of inhancing competitiveness of the national economy was developed in the article from the position of improving energy efficiency and diversifying energy supply sources in rural areas, considering promising directions of development. Current situation in the country was analyzed, and comparisons with European countries were made, promising ways of sustainable rural development were determined, connected with the creation and improvement of the existing tools for using renewable energy sources. Particular attention was paid to the analysis and development of concepts of optimal models for complex utilization of renewable energy sources at the local level. Practical recommendations for introduction of renewable energy sources for energy supply in rural areas were developed. The necessity in deepening Goverment system measures to stimulate and support energy efficiency and the utilization of renewable energy sources was proven, as well as priority directions for the implementation of corresponding projects were identified. The necessity and peculiarities of the ways of diversifying energy supply sources for rural territories were studied. The concept and practical recommendations for utilization of biomass as the most promising type of renewable energy sources in rural areas of Ukraine were developed.

Factors affecting the interaction of the active cultivator paw with the soil environment are considered in this article. It was established that the active oscillating effect of tillage machines on the environment leads to reduction in its traction characteristics, and the design of symmetrical movable paw is capable of self-oscillation in a horizontal plane. It was developed the theoretical model of oscillatory movements that takes into account the main structural parameters of working bodies represented by symmetrical cultivator paws of the active type. For laboratory studies, a circular soil channel is used, which ensures the movement of the soil relative to the stationary working body for an unlimited time, as well as recording the results using computer, photo and video equipment.

Perennial plantations that are zoned in Ukraine allow to obtain high-quality fruits (nuts), which are widely used in the perfumery, pharmaceutical, oil, confectionery and other industries, as well as in the production of feed and feed additives. The known technologies of mass processing of walnut kernels mostly work well with crops that have a spherical or close to spherical external shape. The simplest, but least productive, are primitive manual devices for peeling walnut shells. Despite the simplicity of their design, these devices are inefficient and unsuitable for adjusting their operation to different varieties and physical and mechanical properties of biological fruits. The analysis of the known designs of walnut shell destruction machines and mechanisms showed the need to study the physical and mechanical properties of biological fruits (walnuts), to develop technical recommendations for the design of impact mechanisms to improve the quality of shell destruction and the possibility of their application in mass production technologies. A research methodology was developed, a laboratory setup was manufactured, and experiments were conducted. To determine the strength characteristics, the author designed and manufactured a device. It consists of a lever mechanism and a deforming device. The dimensions and load measurements were carried out according to well-known methods of physical mechanics. The statistical analysis of the results showed the need for in-depth scientific research of the geometric parameters of the design of the working bodies of machines for destroying the walnut shell in the mechanisms of fruit peeling machines, taking into account the quality indicators performance of works with certain conditions of their implementation. We conclude that according to the results of the experiments, there is a fairly high dependence between the geometric dimensions of the walnut fruit at the level of 0.72, 0.57 and 0.49, respectively. The weight of the fruit also depends on its dimensional characteristics, which is logical at the level of 0.6–0.75. The force of critical static fracture has a weak correlation with the dimensional characteristics at the level of 0.3. And it depends little on the plane of its application.

Achieving environmental sustainability requires an immediate transition to energy-saving technologies and renewable energy sources. It has been confirmed that, in addition to classical renewable sources (solar, hydro, wind, and geothermal energy), plant biomass represents a valuable raw material. It enables the sustainable production of biofuels, providing an alternative to fossil fuels. This role of biofuels determines the need for a thorough study and justification of the energy characteristics of relevant renewable agricultural crops. Plant biomass, which includes wood and shrubs of various species, possesses distinctive fuel properties that can be described by well-known parameters such as the heat of combustion (higher and lower calorific values), ash melting characteristics, ash content, and chemical composition. The presented generalization represents a new scientific contribution aimed at developing a methodology and conducting experimental and comparative studies to determine the relative indicators of the calorific value of organic plant-based samples using original and more affordable equipment with elements of mechatronic systems. The dry plant material of each energy crop was analyzed using a laboratory device – a “biofuel analyzer.” The original laboratory setup was manufactured in accordance with applicable technical regulations. The research showed that the results of calorific value measurements of plant biomass obtained with the developed laboratory setup, equipped with mechatronic measuring components, were in good agreement with the data obtained using a standard bomb calorimeter. This consistency is confirmed by statistical significance (LSD0.05 at p<0.05). Under the experimental conditions, the calorific value of six plant-based material samples was determined as follows: Castor bean (Ricinus communis) – 9.78 MJ/kg; Sorghum (Sorghum) – 17.97 MJ/kg; Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) – 14.71 MJ/kg; Paulownia (Paulownia) – 10.67 MJ/kg; Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) – 13.93 MJ/kg; and Sorrel hybrid (Rumex patientia × Rumex tianschanicus) – 12.35 MJ/kg.

The object of research is the parameters of mechanisms for the destruction of anisotropic materials by a conical mechanical deformer. One of the known renewable energy sources is a material of plant origin (wood). Based on this, the search for optimal operating parameters and design features of working bodies for mechanized splitting of logs is relevant. Therefore, a new solution to the scientific problem is proposed, which consists in substantiating the main geometric parameters of an active conical deformer for splitting logs from wood at the lowest energy costs for its drive. The analysis conducted during the study showed a general positive feature of the principle of operation, in which the penetration of an active deformer of a conical shape perpendicular to wood fibers facilitates the destruction of their ties and has a more promising and productive design. A mathematical model for determining the force required to destroy a log of wood has been developed. The specified dependence takes into account the elastic characteristics of the material, the forces that exist between the fibers of anisotropic substance, the friction forces between the deformer material and wood, and its geometric parameters. It was determined that the necessary value that characterizes the physical and mechanical properties of wood is the force required to destroy the bonds between the fibers (coefficient of longitudinal destruction). Therefore, the values of the coefficient of longitudinal destruction were experimentally obtained, which were for pine – 2533 ± 66 N/m, oak – 5583 ± 145 N/m and aspen – 5000 ± 279 N/m. According to the research results, analytical recommendations for the geometric parameters of the active deformer were obtained. For pine material with a diameter of 0.15 m, the optimal cone length is in the range of 0.02–0.20 m at a cone angle of 20–90°. At the same time, the theoretical force for its destruction is 568–864 N. Similar results were also obtained for aspen and oak materials. This provides the opportunity to design the design of a conical wood deformer according to the specified ranges, which are optimal for each material or their groups.

Oleksandra Bilovod, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine, e-mail: oleksandra.bilovod@pdaa.edu.ua, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3470-0091 Viacheslav Padalka, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine, e-mail: viacheslav.padalka@pdau.edu.ua, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4135-3318 Oleksii Burlaka, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine, e-mail: oleksii.burlaka@pdau.edu.ua, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2296-7234 Abstract The purpose of the study is to improve the organizational and technical mechanisms for updating the tractor fleet of enterprises and individuals of the Poltava region, taking into account modern trends and transformations of the region's economy, caused by the state of war. The initial data for the study are the characteristics of purchased and registered tractors from 2018 to 2023, which are reflected in the single register for keeping automated records of tractors of the agricultural machinery registration department of the head office of the State Production and Consumer Service in Poltava region. We include the following characteristics among the investigated factors: 1. The year of registration of tractors in the unified register of automated accounting of tractors of the agricultural machinery registration department of the Main Department of the State Production and Consumer Service in Poltava region. 2. Entities registering tractor equipment are classified by groups: private individuals; farms, enterprises engaged in other economic activities. In the Poltava region from 2018 to 2021, there is a clear tendency of the generalized trend towards a stable increase in the number of purchased equipment for all three selected research groups. The beginning of military events led to a sharp – more than twofold – reduction of purchased and registered tractors and tractor equipment. The dynamics of the ratio of the use of foreign tractors and tractors of domestic production is no less a painful topic for Ukraine. In addition, the indicators of 2022 and 2023 have a negative trend towards a significant relative increase in the tractor market of the Poltava region of foreign-made tractors. The number of foreign tractor models in 2022 and most of 2023 exceeded the registration of domestically produced tractors by almost three times. To improve this situation, machine-building enterprises are recommended to master new tractor-building technologies, taking into account the experience of the world's leading manufacturers. Keywords tractors, registration, analysis, dynamics, forecasting, update Full Text: PDF References 1. 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C. 274–288. https://doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2021.03.34 Copyright (c) 2023 Oleksandra Bilovod, Viacheslav Padalka, Oleksii Burlaka The purpose of the study is to improve the organizational and technical mechanisms for updating the tractor fleet of enterprises and individuals of the Poltava region, taking into account modern trends and transformations of the region's economy, caused by the state of war. The initial data for the study are the characteristics of purchased and registered tractors from 2018 to 2023, which are reflected in the single register for keeping automated records of tractors of the agricultural machinery registration department of the head office of the State Production and Consumer Service in Poltava region. We include the following characteristics among the investigated factors: 1. The year of registration of tractors in the unified register of automated accounting of tractors of the agricultural machinery registration department of the Main Department of the State Production and Consumer Service in Poltava region. 2. Entities registering tractor equipment are classified by groups: private individuals; farms, enterprises engaged in other economic activities. In the Poltava region from 2018 to 2021, there is a clear tendency of the generalized trend towards a stable increase in the number of purchased equipment for all three selected research groups. The beginning of military events led to a sharp – more than twofold – reduction of purchased and registered tractors and tractor equipment. The dynamics of the ratio of the use of foreign tractors and tractors of domestic production is no less a painful topic for Ukraine. In addition, the indicators of 2022 and 2023 have a negative trend towards a significant relative increase in the tractor market of the Poltava region of foreign-made tractors. The number of foreign tractor models in 2022 and most of 2023 exceeded the registration of domestically produced tractors by almost three times. To improve this situation, machine-building enterprises are recommended to master new tractor-building technologies, taking into account the experience of the world's leading manufacturers.