Nowadays, electricity energy demands requested from down-stream sectors in a smart grid constantly increase. One way to meet those demands is use of home energy management systems (HEMS). By effectively scheduling major household appliances in response to demand response (DR) schemes, residents can save their electricity bills. In this paper, an advanced HEMS facilitated by a nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) technique with an automated nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II)-based multiobjective in-home power scheduling mechanism is proposed. The NILM as an electricity audit is able to nonintrusively estimate power consumed by each of monitored major household appliances at a certain period of time. Data identified by the NILM are very useful for DR implementation. For DR implementation, the NSGA-II-based multiobjective in-home power scheduling mechanism autonomously and meta-heuristically schedules monitored and enrolled major household appliances without user intervention. It is based on an analysis of the NILM with historical data with past trends. The experimental results reported in this paper reveal that the proposed advanced HEMS with the NILM assessed in a real-house environment with uncertainties is workable and feasible.

In a smart home linked to a smart grid (SG), demand-side management (DSM) has the potential to reduce electricity costs and carbon/chlorofluorocarbon emissions, which are associated with electricity used in today’s modern society. To meet continuously increasing electrical energy demands requested from downstream sectors in an SG, energy management systems (EMS), developed with paradigms of artificial intelligence (AI) across Internet of things (IoT) and conducted in fields of interest, monitor, manage, and analyze industrial, commercial, and residential electrical appliances efficiently in response to demand response (DR) signals as DSM. Usually, a DSM service provided by utilities for consumers in an SG is based on cloud-centered data science analytics. However, such cloud-centered data science analytics service involved for DSM is mostly far away from on-site IoT end devices, such as DR switches/power meters/smart meters, which is usually unacceptable for latency-sensitive user-centric IoT applications in DSM. This implies that, for instance, IoT end devices deployed on-site for latency-sensitive user-centric IoT applications in DSM should be aware of immediately analytical, interpretable, and real-time actionable data insights processed on and identified by IoT end devices at IoT sources. Therefore, this work designs and implements a smart edge analytics-empowered power meter prototype considering advanced AI in DSM for smart homes. The prototype in this work works in a cloud analytics-assisted electrical EMS architecture, which is designed and implemented as edge analytics in the architecture described and developed toward a next-generation smart sensing infrastructure for smart homes. Two different types of AI deployed on-site on the prototype are conducted for DSM and compared in this work. The experimentation reported in this work shows the architecture described with the prototype in this work is feasible and workable.

In a smart house connected to a smart grid via advanced metering infrastructure, a nonintrusive load monitor (NILM) that identifies individual appliances by disaggregating composite electric load signal from the minimal number of sensors installed at the main distribution board in the field can be regarded as a part of a home/building energy management system. This type of load monitoring technique, not only for domestic but also for industrial applications, is relevant to electricity energy management and conservation issues. In this paper, an improved time-frequency analysis-based NILM composed of three system components, including data acquisition, transient feature extraction, and load identification, is proposed. The improved NILM proposed in this paper incorporates a multiresolution S-transform-based transient feature extraction scheme with a modified 0-1 multidimensional knapsack algorithm-based load identification method to identify individual household appliances that may either be energized simultaneously or be identified under similar real power consumption. For the load identification process, an ant colony optimization algorithm is employed to perform combinatorial search that is formulated as a modified 0-1 multidimensional knapsack problem. As shown from the experimental results, the improved NILM strategy proposed in this paper is confirmed to be feasible.

In contrast with a centralized Home Energy Management System, a Non-intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) system as an energy audit identifies power-intensive household appliances non-intrusively. In this paper, an NILM system with a novel hybrid classification technique is proposed. The novel hybrid classification technique integrates Fuzzy C-Means clustering-piloting Particle Swarm Optimization with Neuro-Fuzzy Classification considering uncertainties. In reality, household appliances or operation combinations of household appliances in a house field may be identified under similar electrical signatures. The ambiguities on electrical signatures extracted for load identification exist. As a result, the Fuzzy Logic theory is conducted. The ambiguities are addressed by the proposed novel hybrid classification technique for load identification. The proposed NILM system is examined in real lab and house environments with uncertainties. As confirmed in this paper, the proposed approach is feasible.

Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) can realize the concept of “smart city.” Video surveillance in smart cities is, usually, based on a centralized framework in which large amounts of real-time media data are transmitted to and processed in the cloud. However, the cloud relies on network connectivity of the Internet that is sometimes limited or unavailable; thus, the centralized framework is not sufficient for real-time processing of media data needed for smart video surveillance. To tackle this problem, edge computing - a technique for accelerating the development of AIoT (AI across IoT) in smart cities - can be conducted. In this paper, a distributed real-time object detection framework based on edge-cloud collaboration for smart video surveillance is proposed. When collaborating with the cloud, edge computing can serve as converged computing through which media data from distributed edge devices of the network are consolidated by AI in the cloud. After AI discovers global knowledge in the cloud, it to be shared at the edge is deployed remotely on distributed edge devices for real-time smart video surveillance. First, the proposed framework and its preliminary implementation are described. Then, the performance evaluation is provided regarding potential benefits, real-time responsiveness and low-throughput media data transmission.