The increasing demand for energy and electricity and the depletion of fossil fuels are global problems. In recent years, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technologies have gained notoriety for their application in solar energy. DSSCs are considered a promising alternative renewable energy source to both inorganic and organic photovoltaic (PV) cells. Many types of dyes are being investigated to enhance the light-harvesting properties of DSSCs, but the actual realization of these absorbers in cell structure requires optimum parameters. The main aim of this study was to simulate proposed zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC)-based structures to validate their design, assess their performance for commercial implementation, and optimize the cell parameters for optimum efficiency. To that end, Scaps-1D was employed to evaluate the performance of DSSCs to determine their optimum parameters. We found that ZnPC and isopropoxy ZnPC molecules outperform others molecules because of better optoelectronic properties. Several other parametric effects, such as photoactive layer thicknesses, doping densities, trap densities, and charge carrier mobilities, were also evaluated to observe their impact on device performance. The results show that moderate thickness, low defect density, moderate doping, and charge carrier mobility are favorable for better device performance due to low recombination losses, electrical losses, and better transport of charge carriers. The utmost power conversion efficiency values found for ZnPC- and ZnPC: PC70BM-based DSSCs after optimization were 9.50% and 9.81%. This paper also suggests a practical method for efficiently using DSSC cells by modifying factors that are significantly reliant on DSSC performance and output.

The high strength of organic photovoltaic cells lies in the variety of organic ingredients that can be built and synthesized for absorbers, receptors, and boundaries. Still, we need further development for better performance and existence of the system. In this research study, electrical simulations of different active layer materials have been performed via GPVDM software to observe the outcomes of a solar cell. Furthermore, the electrical simulation has been performed at different active layer thicknesses from 50 nm to 300 nm with active material P3HT: PC70BM. We analyzed by performing simulations with different parameters to observe the best parameters for organic solar cell performance. We observed that absorber layer thickness of 200 nm, hole transport layer of Cu2O, pair of ITO/Al electrodes, and exponential DOS exhibit superior outcomes. At the same time, the highest power conversion efficiency was reported with active layer PTB7:PCB70BM due to its efficient optical properties. Organic solar cells are versatile and gaining popularity for a broad range of applications to keep up with the increasing energy demand and comparatively lower energy payback time.