Until today, numerous studies evaluated the topic of anthocyanins and various types of cancer, regarding the anthocyanins’ preventative and inhibitory effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and such. However, there is no targeted review available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of dietary anthocyanins on skin cancers. If diagnosed at the early stages, the survival rate of skin cancer is quite high. Nevertheless, the metastatic form has a short prognosis. In fact, the incidence of melanoma skin cancer, the type with high mortality, has increased exponentially over the last 30 years, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths. Malignant melanoma is considered a highly destructive type of skin cancer due to its particular capacity to grow and spread faster than any other type of cancers. Plants, in general, have been used in disease treatment for a long time, and medicinal plants are commonly a part of anticancer drugs on the market. Accordingly, this work primarily aims to emphasize the most recent improvements on the anticarcinogenic effects of anthocyanins from different plant sources, with an in-depth emphasis on melanoma skin cancer. We also briefly summarized the anthocyanin chemistry, their rich dietary sources in flowers, fruits, and vegetables, as well as their associated potential health benefits. Additionally, the importance of anthocyanins in topical applications such as their use in cosmetics is also given.

In this study, the relationship between color and the quality of fish was investigated. Additionally, how the color properties alter as a result of whether the fish is kept in cold water during the storage was also observed. For this purpose, the color changes on both halves of the sea bass (the bottom side dipped in cold water (WS: wet side) and the top side exposed to air (AR: air side)) were analyzed during 4°C storage by computer-based image analysis (CBI). The eyes, gills, and skin of the samples were monitored separately. Along with the color measurements, some freshness parameters, including total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), TVC (total viable count), quality index method (QIM), and Torry score sensory analysis were assessed. The results indicated that the shelf life of sea bass was six days. High correlations were obtained between CBI results and the freshness parameters analyzed (min R² = 0.844). Among the CBI analyses of skin, gill, and eye segmentation, the best results were achieved via monitoring the skin color. Regardless of the side of the fish (AS or WS) used, our study has revealed that applicable color parameters for the determination of shelf life of sea bass are a* and b*.

Bu tez çalışması, Ankara ve Çanakkale illerinde yaşayan kişiler arasından rastgele seçilen 200 kişiye, 20 sorudan oluşan anket çalışması uygulanarak kişilerin su ürünleri tüketim tercihleri ve davranışlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Anketten doğru sonuçlar elde edebilmesi amacıyla ankete katılan kişilerin yaş, cinsiyet, meslek, bölge dağılımı, eğitim seviyesi ve gelir düzeyi gibi sosyodemografik (karakteristik) kriterlere dikkat edilmiştir. Anket sonuçları, MS – Excel programında ve SPSS istatistiksel analiz programında analizler yapılıp, grafiklere dönüştürülerek karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ankete katılanların % 52’sinin su ürünleri tüketiminin <1 kg altında olduğu ve sadece % 59’unun av yasaklarına ve balık boyuna dikkat ederek balığı satın aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, anket katılımcılarının % 34’ü kırmızı eti, % 28’si ise balık etini tercih ederek kırmızı eti balık etine göre daha çok tükettiklerini belirtmektedirler. Mevsimsel olarak balık tüketim oranları incelendiğinde ilkbaharda % 13, yaz % 19, sonbaharda % 31 ve kışın % 37 oranında olduğu görülmüş ve ilkbahardan kışa doğru balık tüketiminde artış olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, tüketici tercihleri incelendiğinde % 43.5’inin avcılıkla elde edilen balığı, % 47’si taze olan balığı ve % 58’i de deniz balığını tükettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcıların, % 81’inin hafta bir ya da ayda bir balık tüketmeyi tercih ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Her iki ilde yapılan anket çalışmasına göre, balık tüketimi açısından beklenen, denize kıyısı olmaması nedeniyle Ankara’da daha düşük bir seviyede su ürünleri tüketimidir. Ancak, Ankara’da da balık tüketiminin beklenenden yüksek olup Çanakkale ile benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, ankete katılan kişilerin su ürünleri tüketimi hakkında ve sağlık açısından faydaları konusunda bilinçli oldukları ancak, et ürünleri tüketimi toplamı ile karşılaştırıldığında su ürünleri tüketim oranlarının daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

This study aimed to monitor the color changes of anchovy during the hot smoking process. For hot smoking, liquid smoke flavoring (LS) was used as an alternative to traditional smoking. The change in color was determined using the computer-based imaging system (CBI). L*, a*, and b* values were measured when anchovy samples were raw, after brining, after LS immersion, and after cooking. Various immersion times of 1, 2, and 3 minutes were tested, and resulting groups were coded as 1LS, 2LS, and 3LS, respectively. It was concluded that L*, a*, and b* values of the smoked groups did not exhibit any statistically significant difference after immersion (p > .05). Interestingly, the changes in color parameters after cooking were found to be statistically significant (p < .05). Group 1LS had a lighter color than the other LS groups upon cooking. The Delta E value of the samples also increased during the process. During the smoking process of anchovies, no color changes as a result of salting and dipping in liquid smoke solutions for different durations were observed until the final cooking step. The results of this study can help in improving the processing, preservation, and marketing aspects of smoked anchovy by controlling the color properties. Since anchovy is a small fish, smoking by traditional methods is quite challenging. Therefore, LS applications are economical and practical for these kinds of species. Although there have been studies related to the use of LS on anchovies, no research has monitored their color change.