Recently, the operation of electric charging stations has stopped being solely dependent on the state or centralised energy companies, instead depending on the decentralization of decisions made by the operators of these stations, whose goals are to maximise efficiency in the distribution and supply of energy for electric vehicles. Therefore, the operations of charging stations are exposed to increased complexity, leading to a growing need for decision-making based on more reliable and sustainable models. This research presents a review of key aspects, technologies, protocols, and case studies on the current and future trends of electric charging stations. A taxonomy of the technologies applied to charging stations and their applications in elements such as intelligent energy supply, electric vehicles, sustainability, the Industrial Internet of Things, and energy demand management is developed. Thus, this work synthesizes the essential features found in recent research regarding charging stations, aiming for a systemic approach that can lead toward sustainability in electromobility.

This research presents a synthesis of social entrepreneurship (SE) in rural communities with a tourism vocation, adopting a systemic perspective applied to the case of Yecapixtla, Morelos, Mexico. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) was used to diagnose the current state of the SE system in the Food and Beverage (F&B) sector, considering its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study included direct observation, field notes, and systemic modelling tools such as the structured problem situation and the rich picture, in order to interpret the relationships among the actors involved. The results show that SE plays a strategic role in the sustainability of the destination, but it faces conflicting relationships with government actors and structural limitations that hinder its consolidation. Optimal relationships were identified among community actors, as well as opportunities to improve tourism governance. The study concludes that the systemic approach enables a clearer view of the conflicts, capacities, and opportunities within the system, highlighting the need to create systemic strategies that strengthen SE as a driver of sustainable development.

Esta investigación estudia la relación entre el turismo y el emprendimiento en zonas rurales desde una perspectiva sistémica, resaltando su potencial para impulsar el desarrollo económico y social con un enfoque en la innovación y la sostenibilidad. Se exploran los desafíos que enfrentan las comunidades rurales y se argumenta que el emprendimiento puede ser una solución viable. Los resultados ofrecen una visión enriquecida del sistema, identificando relaciones conflictivas y áreas sensibles en el emprendimiento turístico rural. En conclusión, se destaca la importancia de abordar el emprendimiento rural de manera integral para lograr un desarrollo sostenible en línea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), considerando las relaciones entre los componentes del sistema bajo estudio.

This study develops a diagnostic analysis through the Viable System Model (VSM), combined with the principles of agile governance, to examine the organisational viability of social tourism enterprises in La Magdalena Atlitic, a rural community located within Los Dinamos National Park in Mexico City. The objective was to understand how these enterprises contribute to sustainable water management through adaptive organisational structures. Based on fieldwork and participatory workshops, the diagnosis identified three main operational units: rural tourism, water conservation and monitoring, and environmental maintenance. The results indicate that, although the operational subsystems display dynamism, the functions of coordination, control, and auditing remain weak and conflictive, thereby limiting feedback and systemic learning. The integration of agile governance highlights the community’s potential to transform reactive practices into adaptive mechanisms, strengthening collaboration and participatory decision-making. The intelligence and identity systems play a key role in linking local knowledge with external innovation, consolidating a shared purpose around the preservation of the Magdalena River. This study reveals that the combination of the VSM and agile governance fosters both sustainable and regenerative systems.

This research presents a synthesis of social entrepreneurship (SE) in rural communities with a tourism vocation, through a systemic perspective applied to the case of Yecapixtla, Morelos, Mexico. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) was used to diagnose the current state of the SE system in the Food and Beverage (F&B) sector, considering its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study included direct observation, field notes, and systemic modelling tools such as the structured problem and the rich picture, in order to interpret the relationships among the actors involved. The results show that SE plays a strategic role in the sustainability of the destination but it faces conflicting relationships with government actors and structural limitations that hinder its consolidation. Optimal relationships were identified among community actors, as well as opportunities to improve tourism governance. The study concludes that the systemic approach enables a clearer view of the conflicts, capacities, and opportunities within the system, highlighting the need to create systemic strategies that strengthen SE as a driver of sustainable development.

Social entrepreneurship promotes sustainable development by influencing the conservation of natural resources and the preservation of cultural heritage in tourist destinations, shifting the paradigm toward experience-centered models. Water is an essential resource for sustaining life, and its scarcity poses a threat to tourism dynamics. The growing awareness of its importance highlights its role in ecosystem and in satisfying basic human needs. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) guide tourism practices toward continuous improvement. This research, under a Transdisciplinary Systems Approach, applies the Total Systems Intervention (TSI) Metamethodology to diagnose social entrepreneurship in rural tourism communities of Mexico City and their sustainable water management. The findings demonstrate that social entrepreneurship supports sustainable development and water conservation, aligning with the SDGs.