As the number of ships for marine transportation increases with the advancement of global trade, encountering multiple ships in marine traffic becomes common. This situation raises the risk of collision of the ships; hence, this paper proposes a novel Fuzzy-logic based intelligent conflict detection and resolution algorithm, where the collision courses and possible avoiding actions are analysed by considering ship motion dynamics and the input and output fuzzy membership functions are derived. As a conflict detection module, the Collision Risk (CR) is measured for each ship by using a scaled nondimensional Distance to the Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and Time to the Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) as inputs. Afterwards, the decisions for collision avoidance are made based on the calculated CR, encountering angle and relative angle of each ship measured from others. In this regard, the rules for the Fuzzy interface system are defined in accordance with the COLREGs, and the whole system is implemented on the MATLAB Simulink platform. In addition, to deal with the multiple ship encounters, the paper proposes a unique maximum-course and minimum-speed change approach for decision making, which has been found to be efficient to solve Imazu problems, and other complicated multiple-ship encounters.

Over the last several years, a significant advancement in high-voltage electronic packaging techniques has paved the way for next-generation power electronics. However, controlling the thermal properties of these new packaging solutions is still a major challenge. The utilization of wide bandgap semiconductors such as SiC and GaN offers effective methods to minimize thermal inefficiencies caused by conduction losses through high-frequency switching topologies. Nevertheless, the need for high voltage in electrical systems continues to pose significant barriers, as heat generation remains one of the most significant obstacles to widespread implementation. The trend of electronics design miniaturization has driven the development of high-performance cooling concepts to address the needs of high-power-density systems. As a result, the design of effective cooling systems has emerged as a crucial aspect for successful implementation, requiring seamless integration with electronic packaging to achieve optimal performance. This review article explores various thermal management approaches demonstrated in electronic systems. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of heat transfer enhancement techniques employed in electronics thermal management, focusing on core concepts. The review categorizes these techniques into concepts based on fin design, microchannel cooling, jet impingement, phase change materials, nanofluids, and hybrid designs. Recent advancements in high-power density devices, alongside innovative cooling systems such as phase change materials and nanofluids, demonstrate potential for enhanced heat dissipation in power electronics. Improved designs in finned heat sinks, microchannel cooling, and jet impingement techniques have enabled more efficient thermal management in high-density power electronics. By fixing key insights into one reference, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers navigating the complex landscape of high-performance cooling for modern electronic systems.

As the number of ships for marine transportation increases with the advancement of global trade, encountering multiple ships in marine traffic becomes common. This situation raises the risk of collision of the ships; hence this paper proposes a novel Fuzzy-logic based intelligent conflict detection and resolution algorithm, where the collision courses and possible avoiding actions are analyzed by considering ship motion dynamics and the input and output fuzzy membership functions are derived. As a conflict detection module, the Collision Risk (CR) is measured for each ship by using a scaled nondimensional Distance to the Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and Time to the Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) as inputs. Afterwards, the decisions for collision avoidance are made based on the calculated CR, encountering angle and relative angle of each ship measured from others. In this regard, the rules for the Fuzzy interface system are defined in accordance with the COLREGs, and the whole system is implemented on the MATLAB Simulink platform. In addition, to deal with the multiple ship encounters, the paper proposes a unique maximum-course and minimum-speed change approach for decision making, which has been found to be efficient to solve Imazu problems, and other complicated multiple-ship encounters.