Agriculture must find new ways to reduce costs and increase efficiency to meet the rising demand for products, avoiding waste due to potential food scarcity. Through the systematic literature review methodology, this study analyzes and synthesizes the existing literature on lean manufacturing (LM) applied in agro-pastoral production, its impact on reduction in losses and waste, and productivity increases considering production function mechanism (PFM), connecting to a sustainability model based on triple bottom line (TBL). A comprehensive search strategy was used to identify relevant studies and critically evaluate them using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings provide insights into LM applied in agro-pastoral production and inform future research in the field, highlighting the potential of using LM concepts by reducing losses and waste and increasing productivity. The potential for TBL impacts from application of lean concepts in agro-pastoral production suggests a tendency for growth in this area of research. A theoretical understanding of how lean tools and techniques can be applied to improve productivity and profitability in the agricultural sector is provided, as well as practical examples and recommendations for implementing lean practices in agricultural operations, aligning sustainability and LP tools and concepts.

This article is about experiments investigating teaching and learning processes and their effects on students. Specifically, the laboratory experiment method aims to determine if using virtual reality in classes leads to better learning outcomes, knowledge retention, satisfaction, engagement, and attractiveness compared to traditional teaching methods. The study found that students who used VR (Experimental Group—EG) had significantly better learning outcomes (with an average of 5.9747) compared to the control group (Control Group—CG), who only had traditional classes (with an average of 4.6229). The study employed a Likert scale from 1 to 7. The difference between EG and CG was 29.2%. Furthermore, the study found that students in the EG had higher knowledge retention, satisfaction, engagement, and attractiveness compared to the CG. All measurements were above 6.4 on the same scale. This study is important because it explores innovative teaching methods and their potential to improve learning outcomes, satisfaction, and efficiency. It also opens up avenues for further research on teaching methodologies for undergraduate students.

This study aims to critically analyze the theoretical and practical contributions of recent literature on the Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) method in multi-project environments. To this end, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted based on 62 studies indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2014 and 2025. The articles were analyzed in terms of application domains, employed methods, obtained results, and proposed integrations with other approaches. Most studies used modeling and simulation, focusing on time reduction, risk mitigation, and cost optimization. A growing trend has been identified toward integrating CCPM with methodologies, such as Scrum, BIM, Lean Construction, Fuzzy FMEA, and predictive algorithms, thereby broadening its applicability in high-complexity scenarios. However, a significant gap remains in empirical studies applied to Engineer-to-Order (ETO) systems and service-based organizations, which are characterized by high customization, variability, and interdependence of resources. The research is justified by the need to consolidate accumulated knowledge on CCPM and to guide future investigations toward underexplored sectors. The findings strengthen the theoretical robustness of the method while indicating concrete opportunities for empirical validation in real-world organizational settings.