The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant properties and the composition of phenolic compounds, trace elements, vitamins, and fatty acids in the edible mushrooms Helvella leucopus, Tricholoma terreum, Lepista nuda, and Marasmius oreades , as well as their inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase. Elemental analyses were conducted using ICP‐OES. Phenolic compounds and vitamins were performed by HPLC, while identification of fatty acids was performed by GC–MS. HPLC analysis revealed the phenolic compounds in H. leucopus, T. terreum, L. nuda , and M. oreades , with gallic acid being the main compound identified, with levels of 133.04, 246.49, 408.64, and 129.302 μg/g dry weight, respectively. For vitamins, α‐tocopherol is the most primary vitamin found with values of 0.6009, 0.79, and 0.3581 μmol/kg dw. GC–MS analysis determined that the fatty acids with linoleic acid are the major fatty acids identified, with percentages of 30.82%, 19.92%, 30.38%, and 20.86%. ICP‐OES measurement indicated that trace elements with iron as the dominant trace element were observed, with concentrations of 0.248, 0.237, 0.449, and 0.1998 mmol/kg dw. The XO inhibitory activities of four mushrooms were assayed, with the IC ₅₀ values of 39.97, 20.71, 11.71, and 23.85 μg/mL, respectively. L. nuda and T. terreum may be effective for hyperuricemia and gout, which is associated with the results of phenolic compounds, some vitamins, trace elements, and linoleic acid contents on the inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase. The results of medicinal mushrooms have shown that they could potentially be useful as inhibitors for the prevention of XO‐related diseases induced by ROS.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antiradical activity of the Lycianthes rantonnetii (Solanacaeae) plant, to determine levels of element (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Mo, Cd, As, Pb, Co, V, Tl, Li, Ti, Sr, Be), mineral (Mg, P) and vitamin (A, E, C). In the study, metals and mineral analyses were carried out using dry ashing method with ICP-OES, vitamin A and vitamin E analyses were carried out using the HPLC method and vitamin C, total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity and anti-hemolytic activity of the methanol extract Lycianthes rantonnetii (L. rantonnetii) plant was determined spectrophotometrically. According to the results, Cu, Zn, Co, Mg, retinol, -tocopherol, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of L. rantonnetii were 57.60  4.83 mol/kg, 0.14  0.01 mmol/kg, 2.23  0.10 mol/kg, 39.13  1.76 mmol/kg, 12.22 ± 3.37 μmol/kg, 104.55 ± 7.44 μmol/kg, 80.61 ± 9.31 mg/100 g, 11.45 ± 0.60 mM ascorbic acid/g, 5.33 ± 0.41 mg GA/g and 3.76 ± 0.29 mg QE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that the content of antioxidant vitamins, minerals of the L. rantonnetii plant was at high levels and it contains a reasonable amount of total phenol, and flavonoids also, it was determined that the plant had a high scavenging activity for free radicals. It is believed that L. rantonnetii can be used as an additive for food products in the various food sectors with appropriate antioxidant activities.

Objective: This study was designed to examine the potential protective effects of Rheum ribes L., and quercetin on protein carbonyl (PCO) in kidney and liver tissue, trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn) and mineral (P) in serum samples in Wistar rats of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative damage. Methods: The 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method is the most reliable method widely used to measure carbonyl levels in proteins. In this study, the effect of Rheum ribes L. (Rr) and quercetin on protein carbonyl, trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn) and mineral (P) levels against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mediated liver and kidney damage was investigated. For this purpose, 56 Wistar albino female rats weighing 200 ± 220 g were used. Groups were designed as: controls, 0.3 ml DMSO, 1 ml/kg olive oil, 1 ml/kg CCl4, 100 mg/kg Rr, 100 mg/kg quercetin, 100 mg/kg Rr+1 ml/kg CCl4 and 100 mg/kg quercetin+1 ml/kg CCl4 groups. Results: The results showed that the CCl4 group had significantly higher level of protein carbonyl (PCO) than the control, DMSO, olive oil, Rr and quercetin groups (p

Allium species are consumed extensively as folkloric medicine and dietary elements, but limited studies have been conducted on them. In this study, the effects of an ethanol–water extract obtained from the underground bulb of Allium tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay, B. Mathew & Şiraneci (AT) on the behavioral, antioxidant, and metabolite parameters in rats were evaluated. AT was administered orally once a day at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg to male Wistar albino rats for 10 consecutive days. The elevated plus maze, rotarod, and hotplate tests were used to examine anxiety‐like behaviors, locomotor activities, and pain perception in the rats, respectively. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed on plasma samples and AT extracts using two orthogonal analytical platforms. The phenolic components, mainly fumaric acid, malic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin‐3‐arabinoside, hydrocinnamic acid, and gallocatechin, were determined in the extract. In addition, arbutin, salicylic acid, trehalose, and nicotinic acid were analyzed in the extract for the first time. The AT extract did not decrease the catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase levels; however, diazepam decreased some of those parameters significantly in the brain, liver, and kidney. Although both the AT and diazepam treatments resulted in an increase in anxiolytic‐like effects compared to the control group, no significant differences were observed (p > .05). In the metabolomic analysis, significant changes were observed in the rats treated with AT and diazepam, and they caused significant changes in some metabolic pathways, including amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, compared to the control.